ch 10: Micro nutrients

Question 1

this macromineral is a component of bone

Answer 1

magnesium

Question 2

what are two classes of micronutrients

Answer 2

1. organic vitamins
2. inorganic minerals

Question 3

this macromineral promotes bone and teeth formation and muscle contraction

Answer 3

calcium

Question 4

this macromineral promotes membrane potential and muscle contraction

Answer 4

potassium

Question 5

deficiency in this vitamin can cause severe bleeding and heamorrhage

Answer 5

vit k

Question 6

a deficiency of iron, folate, copper, biotin, vit b12 can cause

Answer 6

pale colored tongue

Question 7

main sources of fat soluable vits are …

Answer 7

liver, fish, dairy, eggs

Question 8

bc fat soluable vitamins can be stored, there can be ____ when excessive intake

Answer 8

toxicity

Question 9

there are __ identified viatmins and __ identified minerals

Answer 9

13 vitamins

20 minerals

Question 10

_____ usually detect nutrient discrepencies before signs/symptms appear

Answer 10

biochemical tests

Question 11

deficiency of this vitamin causes Pellagra (diahrea, dermatitis, dementia, death), glossitis

Answer 11

thiamin - vit b3

Question 12

list 7 major minerals needed in amounts >100 mg

Answer 12

1. calcium
2. phosphorus
3. magnesium
4. sodium
5. chloride
6. potassium
7. sulfur

Question 13

this macromineral promotes blood volume homeostatsis and muscle contraction

Answer 13

sodium

Question 14

clotting and thrombosis can be a symptom of excess….

Answer 14

vit K

Question 15

factors that decrease the absorption of iron (6)

Answer 15

1. polyphenols
2. oxalates
3. phytates
4. fiber
5. soy
6. high micronutrient intake

Question 16

cell membrane damage causing a lock of energy with decreased physical functioning is caused by a deficiency in …

Answer 16

vit E

Question 17

stage 1 of iron deficiency named iron ______ is characterized by HgB < 120g/l which is inadequate HgB to transport O2 and symptoms are cold, fatigue, decreased performance

Answer 17

deficiency anemia

Question 18

liver stores of vit b12 last ____

Answer 18

more than 2 years

Question 19

vit K is synthesized by gut bacteria and is the main ____ vitamin

Answer 19

clotting

Question 20

etiology of nutrient deficiencies (5)

Answer 20

1. inadequate intake
2. digestive disorders
3. defective absorption
4. altered metabolism
5. increased metabolic demand

Question 21

this vitamin in excess can affect vitamin k’s clotting ability and cause excessive bleeding

Answer 21

vit E

Question 22

vitamin B can be used as a _____ at a number of differnt places

Answer 22

cofactor

Question 23

exercise incraeses the requirement for which 2 vitamins

Answer 23

vit c

vit b2 - riboflavin

Question 24

a deficiency of this vitamin causes BERIBERI (decreased apetite, mental confusion, nerve degeneration)

Answer 24

thiamin

Question 25

the fat soluable vitamins are \_\_\_\_

Question 26

this macromineral promotes HCL formation in the stomach

Answer 26

chlorine

Question 27

usually water soluable vitamins are non-toxic bc are not stored with the exception of ...

Answer 27

b6,b3,c

Question 28

bound nonheme iron found in plant protein requires ______ to enter enterocyte whereas heme from hemoglobin or myoglobin in animal protein can enter freely

Answer 28

transport protein

Question 29

a deficiency of this viatmin can cause scurvy

Answer 29

vit c

Question 30

niacin (vit b3) is a constituant of NAD and \_\_\_\_

Answer 30

NADP

Question 31

vitamin c plays an important role in cartilage and connective tissue formation, wound healing and \_\_\_\_

Answer 31

antioxidant

Question 32

this macromineral promotes bone formation and muscle contraction

Answer 32

phosphorus

Question 33

these 3 macrominerals promote bone formation

Answer 33

1. calcium 2. magnesium 3. phosphorus

Question 34

fat soluable vitamins deficiency most likely caused by (3)

Answer 34

1. malabsorption 2. GI or hepatic disorder 3. very low calorie diet

Question 35

factors increasing the bioavailibility of minerals (4)

Answer 35

1. deficiency 2. cooking 3. vit c 4. vit d

Question 36

an excess of this vitamin causes red flush on skin

Answer 36

niacin - vit b3

Question 37

list 7 micronutrients that function as antioxidants

Answer 37

1. vit c 2. vit e 3. vit a 4. selenium 5. copper 6. zinc 7. maganese

Question 38

trace minerals are needed in quantities less than ____ mg

Answer 38

100 mg

Question 39

an excess of this vitamin causes diahrea, urinary stone formation and impaired copper absorption

Answer 39

vit c

Question 40

stage 1 of iron deficiency named iron ______ is characterized by decreased iron stores in bone marrow and reduced plasma ferritin concentration (is asymptomatic)

Answer 40

depletion

Question 41

north americans are more likely to be deficient in vitamin D bc (4)

Answer 41

1. sun not strong in winter and we cover up in summer 2. older adults live indoors 3. dark skinned individuals (less efficient vit d conversion)

Question 42

most common nutrient deficiency worldwide

Answer 42

iron

Question 43

4 techniques used for nutritional assessment

Answer 43

1. anthropomorphics 2. biochemical (blood test) 3. clinical (physical exam) 4. dietary

Question 44

deficiencies in water soluable viatmins can lead to (3)

Answer 44

1. premature fatigue 2. unable to maintain heavy training 3. slow wound healing

Question 45

\_\_\_ are lost in sweat

Answer 45

minerals

Question 46

water soluable vitamins are cofactors in energy and DNA/RNA \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

metabolism

Question 47

3 athletes at highest risk for iron deficient anemia

Answer 47

1. female athletes 2. distance runners 3. vegetarian athletes

Question 48

vit E comes in 8 forms but only _____ is important for humans bc acts as anti oxidant

Answer 48

a-tocopherol

Question 49

vit b12 (cobalamins) functions in FA oxidation, myelin sheath maintenence, and with _____ has role in DNA synthesis

Answer 49

folate

Question 50

these 4 macrominerals aid in muscle contraction

Answer 50

1. potassium 2. phosphorus 3. sodium 4. calcium

Question 51

stage 1 of iron deficiency named iron ______ is characterized by decreases heme production and erythropoisis and symptoms are decreased work capacity

Answer 51

deficiency eythropoeisis

Question 52

role of folate is DNA synthesis and cell division whicj plays a role in ____ maturation and has a role in growth

Answer 52

RBC

Question 53

the 4 micronutrients of concern in vegetarian athletes

Answer 53

1. b12 2. iron 3. calcium 4. zinc

Question 54

this micromineral promotes protein synthesis and has antioxidant activity

Answer 54

zinc

Question 55

this micromineral promotes RBC development

Answer 55

cobalt

Question 56

1. hard bumpy skin (follicular hyperkeratosis) 2. night blindness (xerophtalmia) 3. affected fetal development can result from a deficiency in ...

Answer 56

vitamin A

Question 57

excess bone formation and hardening of soft tissue can happen due to excessive ingestion of ....

Answer 57

vitamin d

Question 58

these 2 micromineral promotes bone and teeth formation

Answer 58

fluorine

Question 59

this micromineral is a component of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones (deficiency can lead to goiter)

Answer 59

iodine

Question 60

factors reducing the bioavailibility of minerals (4)

Answer 60

1. binders 2. high doses of a single mineral 3. polyphenols 4. high fiber diet

Question 61

weak bones can be caused by a deficiency in ...

Answer 61

vitamin d

Question 62

supplementation of microminerals should not be greater than \_\_\_x the RDA

Answer 62

2x the RDA

Question 63

this micromineral transports oxygen in blood

Answer 63

iron

Question 64

exercise \_\_\_\_\_loss of minerals through sweat, urine and feces

Answer 64

increases

Question 65

Vitamin D can be ingested or made from ___ and is active as calcitrol and helps with calcium absorption

Answer 65

sun

Question 66

this macromineral promotes acid base balance and liver function

Answer 66

sulfur

Question 67

a deficiency of riboflavin, niacin, biotin, vit b6 and b12, folate, iron & zinc can cause ...

Answer 67

glossitis | (smoothening of tongue)

Question 68

this micromineral promotes normal iron absorption

Answer 68

copper

Question 69

vitamin A is used for transcription of DNA = key vitamin in ___ and ___ making

Answer 69

protein cell

Question 70

athletes that meet ____ needs also meet nutritional needs

Answer 70

energy

Question 71

thiamin helps with energy production and development/maintenance of \_\_\_

Answer 71

nervous system

Question 72

is micronutrient supplementation necessary?

Answer 72

get enouh from balanced diet can be dangerous = TUL