ch. 10 nervous system Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
cerebr/o, encephal/o
A
brain
2
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
3
Q
neur/I, neur/o
A
nerves
4
Q
caus/o
A
burning, burn
5
Q
concuss/o
A
shaken together, violently agitated
6
Q
contus/o
A
bruise
7
Q
-esthesia
A
sensation, feeling
8
Q
esthet/o
A
feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception
9
Q
-mania
A
madness
10
Q
mening/o
A
membranes, meninges
11
Q
-phasia
A
speak or speech
12
Q
phobia
A
abnormal fear
13
Q
psych/o
A
mind
14
Q
radicul/o
A
root or nerve root
15
Q
-tropic
A
having affinity for
16
Q
acrophobia
A
excessive fear of heights
17
Q
Alzheimer’s disease
A
group of disorders involving parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language
18
Q
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A
rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles
19
Q
anesthetic
A
medication used to induce anesthesia
20
Q
anesthetist
A
medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician
21
Q
anorexia nervosa
A
eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance, inability to maintain healthy weight
22
Q
anxiety disorders
A
mental condition characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations
23
Q
autism spectrum disorder
A
- difficulty with social relationships
- on a spectrum
24
Q
Bell’
A
temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve
- paralysis on affected side of face
25
carotid ultrasonography
ultrasound of carotid artery
26
causalgia
persistent, severe, burning pan that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve
27
cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury
28
cerebral palsy
neurological disorder characterized by poor muscle control spasticity
29
cerebrovascular accident
brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted
30
cervical radiculopathy
nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region
31
claustrophobia
abnormal fear of being small or enclosed spaces
32
cognition
mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory
33
coma
deep state of unconsciousness
34
concussion
violent shaking up or jarring of the brain
35
cranial hematoma
collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain
36
delirium
acute condition of confusion
37
delirium tremens
disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes/seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol
38
delusion
false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary
39
dementia
slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking, and judgment
40
dura mater
thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges
41
dyslexia
inability of brain to process symbols correctly
42
electroencephalography
the process of recording electrical activity in the brain while using electrodes
43
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
44
epidural anesthesia
regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar/sacral region
45
epilepsy
chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity
46
factitious disorder
condition in which person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick
47
hallucination
sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation
48
hemorrhagic stroke
damage to the brain that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks
49
hydrocephalus
condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain
50
hyperesthesia
condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, and other sensory stimuli
51
ischemic stroke
brain damage that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blocking of an artery
52
lethargy
lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy
53
meningitis
inflammation of meninges of brain/spinal cord
54
meningocele
congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column
55
migraine headache
headache with throbbing pain one one side of head
56
multiple sclerosis
progressive autoimmune disorder with inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath
57
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord, inflammation of the bone marrow
58
myelography
fluoroscopic/CT study of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture
59
narcolepsy
sleep disorder consisting of sudden/uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day
60
neurotransmitters
chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from synapse to target receptor
61
obsessive-compulsive disorder
mental condition characterized by obsessions/compulsions
62
panic attack
unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger
63
parasomnia
several categories of sleep disorders that occur while falling, during, or waking from sleep
64
paresthesia
burning/prickling sensation w/ no apparent cause
65
Parkinson's disease
chronic, degenerative disease, muscle tremors. shuffling gait, rigidity
66
peripheral neuropathy
disorder of peripheral nerves that carry info to/from brain and spinal cord
67
PTSD
develop after event involving actual/threatened death/injury
68
Reye's syndrome
disorder in children with vomiting/confusion, sometimes following viral illness for which child was treated with aspirin
69
schizophrenia
withdrawal from reality
70
sciatica
inflammation of sciatic nerve caused by pressure on nerve roots
71
seizure
sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain
72
shaken baby syndrome
syndrome that results from child being violently shaken by someone
73
syncope
brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased flow of blood to brain - fainting
74
tremor
repetitive, involuntary muscle movement
75
trigeminal neuralgia
chronic pain condition characterized by sever, lightning-like pain due to inflammation of fifth cranial nerve
76
tract
bundle/group of nerve fibers located within brain/spinal cord
77
ganglion
nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNnS
78
plexus
network of intersecting spinal nerves
79
arachnoid membrane
middle layer of meninges - web-like
80
pia mater
3rd layer of meninges, closest to brain/spinal cord
81
cerebrum
largest/uppermost portion of brain
82
cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum/brain
83
thalamus
relays impulses to/from cerebrum
84
cerebellum function
produce smooth and coordinated movements, maintain equilibrium, sustain posture
85
midbrain/pons
control reflexes for eye and head movement
86
medulla oblongata
respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, reflexes (coughing, sneezing)
87
anesthesiologist
physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before/during surgery
88
neurologist
physician who specializes in diagnosing/treating diseases and disorders of onerous system
89
psychiatrist
diagnosing/treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness
90
neurosurgeon
physician who specializes in surgery of nervous system
91
psychologist
doctoral degree but not medical doctor, evaluates and treats emotional problems/mental illnesses
92
cephalalgia
headache
93
cluster headaches
painful headaches that affect one side of the head
94
encephalocele
congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull
95
hydrocephalus
excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain
96
meningioma
common, slow-growing, and usually benign tumor of meninges
97
Chiari malformation
part of cerebellum extends down into the spinal canal
98
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
99
tetanus
acute/fatal infection of CNS caused by toxin form tetanus bacteria
100
Tourette syndrome
involuntary tics, grunts, and utterances
101
vascular dementia
form of dementia caused by stroke or other restriction of blood flow to brain
102
amnesia
memory disturbance characterized by total/partial inability to recall past experiences
103
stupor
unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused briefly
104
persistent vegetative state
type of coma in which patient exhibits alternating sleep/wake cycles
105
glioblastoma
malignant brain tumor that forms from glial cells
106
transient ischemic attack
temporary interruption in blood supply to the brain
107
aphasia
loss of ability to speak , write, and comprehend written/spoken word
108
hemorrhagic stroke
when blood vessel in brain leaks
109
arteriovenous malformation
abnormal connection between arteries and veins in brain
110
insomnia
prolonged/abnormal ability to sleep
111
somnambulism
sleepwalking
112
polio
highly contagious viral infection of brainstem/spinal cord that can lead to paralysis
113
myelosis
tumor of spinal cord
114
radiculitis
pinched nerve, inflammation of root of spinal nerve
115
Guillain-Barre syndrom
inflammation of myelin sheath of peripheral nerves
116
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and loss of function
117
absence seizure
loss of awareness - staring episode
118
tonic-clonic seizure
involves entire body
119
focal seizure
part of brain, repetitive muscle movements
120
febrile seizure
infants and young children in response to fever
121
panic disorder
fear of panic attacks
122
agoraphobia
fear of environments where person fears a panic attack might occur
123
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
short attention span, impulsive behavior
124
dissociative disorder
mental illness characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities
125
bipolar disorder
cycles of severe mood changes
126
depression
lethargy and sadness
127
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder with frequent binging episodes followed by excessive exercising vomiting, laxatives
128
catatonic behavior
lack of responsiveness, stupor, tendency to remain in fixed posture
129
schizoaffective disorder
combination of schizophrenia symptoms with bipolar/depressive systems
130
somatic symptom disorder
distress/excessive focus on physical complaints/symptoms that are out of proportion
131
illness anxiety disorder
recurring anxiety/excessive worry that a physical illness may be present
132
malingering
intentional creation of false/grossly exaggerated physical/psychological symptoms
133
gender dysphoria
person's sex at birth doesn't match gender with which they identify
134
psychotropic drug
primarily acts on CNS, temporary changes affecting mind, emotions, and behavior
135
anxiolytic drug
temporarily relieves anxiety and reduces tension - tranquilizer
136
psychoanalysis
idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood
137
EMDR - eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
treatment for PTSD, revisit traumatic memories while simultaneously focusing on physical stimuli
138
cognitive behavioral therapy
focuses on chaining thoughts that affect person's emotions/actions
139
hypnotherapy
altered state of focused attention where patient more willing to believe/act on suggestions
140
magnetic resonance imaging/angiography
examination of soft tissue structures of brain/spinal cord
141
functional MRI
detects changes in blood flow in brain when patient asked to perform specific task
142
lumbar puncture
process of obtaining sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting needle into subarachnoid space of lumbar region
143
electromyography
uses electrodes taped to/inserted into skin to measure transfer of electrical signals in peripheral nerves
144
hypnotic
depresses CNS and usually produces sleep
145
anticonvulsant
prevent seizures
146
barbiturates
class of drugs whose major action is calming/depressed effecft
147
sedative
depresses CNS to calm and diminish responsiveness
148
anesthetic
medication used to induce anesthesia
149
anesthesia
absence of normal sensation
150
deep brain stimulation
neurosurgical procedure used in treatment of dystonia, tremors, or Parkinson's disease
151
stereotactic radiosurgery
3D coordination system to find small tumors within body
152
gamma knife surgery
type of radiation treatment for brain tumors performed w/o knife or incision
153
electroconvulsive therapy
small amounts of electric current passed through brain
154
lobectomy
surgical removal of portion of brain
155
thalamotomy
surgical incision into thalamus
156
transcranial magnetic stimulation
brief, powerful, electromagnetic pulses to alter electrical pathways in brain
157
radiofrequency ablation
relieves chronic nerve pain by burning part of nerves
158
neurotomy
surgical division/dissection of nerve
