Ch. 10 - Neurophysiology 3 Flashcards
What is the most common type of synapse?
Chemical Synapse
What is the term for the synapse between lower motor neuron (efferent nerve) and muscle?
Nueromuscular Junction
What is the threshold for nueromuscular junctions?
-65mV –> all or nothing
What breaks down acetylcholine and what builds it up?
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) breaks it down to acetate and choline
Choline aectyltransferase - generates ACh
What muscles cause miosis and mydriasis?
- Myosis - sphincter pupillae
- Mydriasis - dilator pupillae
What muscle of the eye alters the lens refractory power?
Ciliary Body
What are the 4 photopigments?
- Rhodopsin - rods
- Red
- Green
- Blue
What would a lesion in the pretectal region of the visual pathway cause?
Bitemporal hemainopsia (Tunnel vision)
What does pitch and loudness relate to?
- Pitch - frequency
- Loudness - amplitude
What is presbycusis?
Hearing loss that gradually occurs with aging
What is the basic unit of hearing that transforms the sound waves into fluid vibrations into a nerve impulse?
Organ of Corti
What is the most numerous papillae on the tongue, and do they contain taste buds?
Filliform papillae - no taste buds
What papillae contain taste buds?
- Fungiform papillae
- Circumvallate papillae
What is the taste pathway (all ipsilateral)?
- Taste bud, receptor cell
- CN 7 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus)
- Nucleus of the solitary tract
- Ipsilateral VPM of thalamus
- Insular cortex
What are the 5 basic tastes?
- Sweet
- Sour
- Salty
- Bitter
- Umami
Each taste is sensed on all parts of the tongue
