Ch 10 Personailty

Question 0

Psychoanalysis

Answer 0

Freud’s system of treatment for mental disorders. The term is often used to refer to psychoanalytic theory, as well

Question 1

Personally

Answer 1

The psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual’s behavior in different situations and different times

Question 2

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 2

Freud’s theory of personality

Question 3

Unconscious

Answer 3

In Freudian theory, this is the psychic domain of which the individual is not aware but that is the house of repressed impulses, drives, and conflicts unavailable to consciousness

Question 4

Libido

Answer 4

The Freudian concept of psychic energy that drives individuals to experience sensual pleasure

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

The primitive, unconscious portion of the personality that houses the most basic drives and stores repressed memories

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

The mind’s storehouse of values, including moral attitudes learned from parents and from society; roughly the same as the common notion of conscience

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

He conscious, rational part of the personality, charged with keeping peace between the superego and the id

Question 8

Psychosexual stages

Answer 8

Successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulation of specific bodily areas at different times of life

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 9

Oedipus complex

Answer 9

According to Freud, a largely unconscious process whereby boys displace an erotic attraction toward their mother to females of their own age and, at the same time, identify with their fathers

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

The mental process by which an individual tries to become like another person, especially the same-sex parent

Question 11

Penis envy

Answer 11

According to Freud, the female desire to have a penis - a condition that usually result in their attraction to males

Question 12

Fixation

Answer 12

Occurs when psychosexual development is arrested at an immature stage

Question 13

Ego defense mechanism

Answer 13

Largely unconscious mental strategies employed to reduce the experience of conflict or anxiety

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

An unconscious process that excludes unacceptable thoughts and feelings from awareness and memory

Question 15

Projective tests

Answer 15

Personality assessment instruments, such as the Rorschach and TAT which are based on Freud’s ego defense mechanism of projection

Question 16

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 16

A projective test requiring subjects to make up stories that explain ambiguous pictures

Question 17

Psychic determinism

Answer 17

Freud’s assumption that all our mental and behavioral response are caused by unconscious traumas, desires, or conflicts

Question 18

Neo-Freudian

Answer 18

Literally “new Freudians”; refers to theorists who broke with Freud but whose theories retain a psychodynamic aspect, especially a focus on motivation as the source of energy for the personality

Question 19

Personal unconscious

Answer 19

Jung’s term for that portion of unconscious corresponding roughly to the Freudian id

Question 20

Collective unconscious

Answer 20

Jung’s addition to the unconscious, involving a reservoir for instinctive “memories”, including the archetypes, which exist in all people

Question 21

Archetype

Answer 21

The ancient memory images in the collective unconscious. Archetypes appear and reappear in art, literature, and folktales around the world

Question 22

Introversion

Answer 22

The Jungian dimension that focuses on inner experiences - one’s own thoughts and feelings - making the introvert less outgoing and sociable than the extravert

Question 23

Extraversion

Answer 23

The Jungian personality dimension involving turning one’s attention outward, toward others

Question 24

Basic anxiety

Answer 24

An emotion, proposed by Karen Horney, that gives s sense of uncertainty and loneliness in a hostile world and can lead to maladjustment

Question 25

Neurotic needs

Answer 25

Signs of neurosis in Horney's theory, these 10 needs are normal desires carried to a neurotic extreme

Question 26

Inferiority complex

Answer 26

A feeling of inferiority that is largely unconscious, with its roots in childhood

Question 27

Compensation

Answer 27

Making up for one's real or imaged deficiencies

Question 28

Traits

Answer 28

Stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions

Question 29

Central traits

Answer 29

According to trait theory, traits that form the basis of personality

Question 30

Secondary traits

Answer 30

In trait theory, preferences and attitudes

Question 31

Cardinal traits

Answer 31

Personality components that define people's lives; Very few individuals have cardinal traits

Question 32

Self-actualizing personalities

Answer 32

Healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to be creative and fulfill their potentialities

Question 33

Fully functioning person

Answer 33

Carl Rogers's term for a healthy, self-actualizing individual, who has a self-concept that is both positive and congruent with reality

Question 34

Phenomenal field

Answer 34

Our psychological reality, composed of one's perceptions feelings

Question 35

Positive psychology

Answer 35

A recent movement within psychology, focusing on desirable aspects of human functioning, as opposed to an emphasis on psychopathology

Question 36

Observational learning

Answer 36

The process of learning new responded by watching other's behavior

Question 37

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 37

The process in which cognitions, behavior, and the environment mutually influence each other

Question 38

Humors

Answer 38

Four body fluids - blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile - that, according to an ancient theory, control personality by their relative abundance

Question 39

Temperament

Answer 39

The basic and pervasive personality dispositions that are apparent in early childhood and that establish the tempo and mood of the individual's behaviors

Question 40

Five - factor theory

Answer 40

A trait perspective suggesting that personality is composed of five fundamental personality dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 41

MMPI - 2

Answer 41

A widely used personality assessment instrument that gives scores on ten important clinical trait also called Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 42

Reliability

Answer 42

An attribute of a psychological test that gives consistent results

Question 43

Validity

Answer 43

An attribute of a psychological test that actually measures what it is used to measure

Question 44

Person - situation controversy

Answer 44

A theoretical dispute concerning the relative contribution of personality factors and situational factors in controlling behavior

Question 45

Type

Answer 45

Refers to especially important dimensions or clusters of traits that are not only central to a person's personality but are found with essentially the same pattern in many people

Question 46

Myers - Briggs Type indicator (MBTI)

Answer 46

A widely used personality test based on Jungian types

Question 47

Implicit personality theory

Answer 47

Assumptions about personality that are held by people (especially nonpsychologists) to simplify the task of understanding others

Question 48

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 48

The assumption that another person's behavior, especially clumsy, inappropriate, or otherwise undesirable behavior, is the result of a flaw in the personality, rather than in the situation