Ch 10.1

Question 1

any material added
to the atmosphere (naturally or by humans) that harms living organisms, affects the climate, and/or impacts structures is known as

Answer 1

Air Pollution

Question 2

T/F- Air pollution is linked to serious health issues such as cancer, respiratory
infection, and cardiovascular diseases in humans, animals, and
plants

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What kind of air pollution is caused by natural and
anthropogenic sources and includes emissions that are directly harmful (primary pollutants) and those that are converted to harmful forms (secondary pollutants).

Answer 3

Outdoor Air Pollution

Question 4

T/F-Conflicts between regions can arise when air pollution crosses borders

Answer 4

True

Question 5

In urban areas, much air pollution comes from what non point source?
what point source?

Answer 5

Vehicle exhaust
industry and power plant emissions

Question 6

air pollutants released directly from a mobile
or stationary source is known as

Answer 6

Primary air pollutants

Question 7

Air pollutants formed when primary air pollutants react with one another or with other chemicals in the air is known as

Answer 7

Secondary air pollutants

Question 8

a secondary pollutant that forms when some of
the pollutants released during fossil fuel combustion react with
atmospheric oxygen in the presence of sunlight is known as

Answer 8

Ground-level ozone

Question 9

particles or droplets small enough to remain aloft in the air for long periods of time is known as

Answer 9

Particulate matter (PM)

Question 10

T/F- Particulate matter is a common component in smoke and soot

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F- Particulate matter is released when jus about anything is burned

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What are some examples of primary pollutants?

Answer 12

Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen monoxide or dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Particulate matter

Question 13

What are some examples. of secondary pollutants

Answer 13

Ground level ozone
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid

Question 14

T/F- Size matters when it comes to particulates

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What size particles have more potential to cause health problems due to the fact they can more easily enter tissue

Answer 15

Small particles

Question 16

Pollution that is produced in one area but falls in a different state or nation is known as

Answer 16

Transboundary pollution

Question 17

T/F- Transboundary pollution can lead to conflict between states or nations

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F- Even the most isolated regions on Earth are vulnerable;
Pesticides and industrial chemicals have been found in remote Arctic and
Antarctic regions

Answer 18

True

Question 19

KNOW THE SOURCE ON IG6

Question 20

T/F- Air pollution causes health problems, damages
structures, reduces visibility, and contributes to stratospheric ozone
depletion and climate change.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What demographic group experience air pollution the worst?

Answer 21

minorities and low income areas experience air pollution the worse and is a concern of environmental justice

Question 22

T/F- In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 7 million people die prematurely each year from exposure to air pollution.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What are some of the MANY consequences of air pollution?

Answer 23

• Maternal exposure to air pollution is linked to premature births and low
  birth weights.
• People living in polluted areas have higher rates of heart attacks,
  strokes, and cancer—small particles can make it into the bloodstream.
• Many animals suffer the same respiratory distress as humans.
• Exposure to pollutants can damage plant tissue and reduce
  photosynthesis.

Question 24

What are some consequences of acid rain?

Answer 24

• acids eat away at limestone and marble structures
• etches glass and damage steel and concrete
• causes billions of dollars of damage per year to buildings and monuments

Question 25

the concept that access to a clean, healthy environment is a basic human right is known as

Answer 25

Environmental Justice

Question 26

Low-income and minority areas often have some of the worst air quality this is an example of what issue?

Answer 26

Environmental Justice

Question 27

What are environmental impacts of air pollution?

Answer 27

- atmospheric ozone depletion - climate change - plants: issue damage; impaired hair growth - animals: impaired health; reduced reproductive success - eutrophication of waterbodies - reduced visibility

Question 28

What are the immediate health effects of air pollution?

Answer 28

- eye, nose, throat irritation - respiratory infections - wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath - headache

Question 29

What are long term health effects of air pollution?

Answer 29

- Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases - neurological disorders - premature birth and low birth weight - impaired lung development - diabetes - cancer - premature death

Question 30

What are some of the societal impacts of air pollution?

Answer 30

- low income and minority communities most likely to be affected - lost income from missed work - health costs to community

Question 31

What secondary pollutant results from fossil fuel burning. It is known to lowe the pH of soil and water bodies, which can harm plants and animals that are exposed

Answer 31

Acid deposition

Question 32

What type of emissions are also increasing the acidity of the oceans with potentially devastating consequences.

Answer 32

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions

Question 33

precipitation that contains sulfuric or nitric acid; dry particles may also fall and become acidified once they mix with water is known as

Answer 33

Acid Deposition

Question 34

T/F- Acid deposition is a secondary pollutant

Answer 34

True

Question 35

How can acids deposition harm aquatic organisms?

Answer 35

- By reducing the hatching success of fish and amphibian eggs - Interfering with the passage through later developmental stages

Question 36

- Change to the soil chemistry and mobilize toxic metals such as aluminum - Can hinder plants’ ability to take up water - Lead to nutrients leached from the soil - Decrease plant growth - Weaken and kill plants What can cause these issues with soil?

Answer 36

Acidification

Question 37

Slide 23

Question 38

T/F- U.S. air pollution is regulated by the Clean Air Act, which sets standards for any pollutant deemed to be harmful to human health or welfare.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

the main U.S. law that authorizes the EPA to set standards for dangerous air pollutants and enforce those standards is known as

Answer 39

Clean Air Act (CAA)

Question 40

T/F- Studies published in 1993 and 2006 established clear links between air pollution and health risks.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

chemicals that readily evaporate and are released into the air as a gas is known as

Answer 41

Volatile organic compounds

Question 42

T/F- Household products such as paint, carpets, and cleaners release VOCs and contribute to indoor air pollution

Answer 42

True

Question 43

SLIDE 28!

Question 44

Indoor air quality is a growing concern among public health scientists. What are some of the culprits

Answer 44

Cigarette smoke. * Paint, carpet, and furniture release VOCs. * Radon gas can also find its way into buildings. * Cooking and heating that rely on wood in developing countries contribute significantly to indoor air pollution

Question 45

What are some ways to reduce indoor air pollution

Answer 45

- Removing the sources - Properly storing potential source of air pollution - providing adequate ventilation

Question 46

T/F- In Many Less Developed Regions, Cooking and Heating Are Done Indoors with Wood or Other Combustible Fuel

Answer 46

True

Question 47

SLIDE 32 and 33

Question 48

Legislative control of an activity or industry via rules that identify acceptable actions are known as

Answer 48

Command-and-control regulation

Question 49

a tax (fee paid to government) assessed on environmentally undesirable activities is known as

Answer 49

Green Tax

Question 50

a reduction in the tax one must pay in exchange for some desirable action is known as

Answer 50

Tax Credit

Question 51

financial assistance given by the government to promote desired activities is known as

Answer 51

Subsidies

Question 52

regulations that set an upper limit for pollution emissions, issue permits to producers for a portion of that amount, and allow producers that release less than their allotment to sell permits to those who exceeded their allotment are known as

Answer 52

Cap-and-trade programs

Question 53

T/F- cap- and -trade programs are also known as permit trading

Answer 53

True

Question 54

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