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A&P > Ch 11 > Flashcards

Ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Excitability

A

A muscular tissue’s ability to generate Action Potential

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2
Q

Contractility

A

A skeletal muscle’s ability to shorten

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3
Q

Extensibilty

A

A muscle tissues ability to stretch

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4
Q

Elasticity

A

A skeletal muscle tissue’s ability to get back to original length

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5
Q

Muscle Cell germ layer

A

Mesoderm

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6
Q

¿¿¿Muscle Cells are Multinucleated

A

1)Because muscle cells are very large and contain a fusion of many myocytes that produce/form myotube
2)Myotubes enable cells to produce proteins that fill the center of myofiber

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7
Q

Myofiber

A

Part of a muscle cell that produces contraction

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8
Q

3 PRIM Muscle Tissue Types

A

Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle Tissue

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9
Q

Skeletal M (MA&F)

A

-Cylindrical
-Multinucleated
-Long
-Striated
Voluntary Control

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10
Q

Cardiac M (MA&F)

A

Branched
Single Nuclues
Striated
Intercalated discs
Autonomic Control

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11
Q

Smooth M (MA&F)

A

Smooth
Tapered
No striations
Single Nucleus
Autonomic Control
Ex. Digestive Tract

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12
Q

Epimysium

A

Outside Connective tissue cover around whole muscle

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13
Q

Perimysium

A

Covering that gathers around group of muscle fibers/Fasicle

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14
Q

Endo-Mysium

A

Deepest Covering that gathers around individual muscle cell

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15
Q

Origination Place of Tendon

A

They come from the coming together of epi, peri, and endo-mysiums

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16
Q

Aponeurosis- (ex)Latissimus Dorsi, abdominal aponeurosis

A

Aggregate of Endo/Peri/Epi mysium
-Flat Tendon that allows muscles to be attached to bones that won’t move so that when the muscle contracts it enables for other things to move

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17
Q

Fascia

A

collagen rich Connective Tissue covering found around (MUSCLE GROUP)

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18
Q

Sacrolemma

A

Membrane of muscle cell

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19
Q

Alpha motor neurons

A

Neurons that stimulate Skeletal Muscle cell

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20
Q

Regulatory Proteins of Muscle

A

(Control when Muscles are going to contract)

21
Q

Contractile Proteins (2)

A

MYOSIN Protein-

ACTIN Protein

22
Q

Structural Proteins

A

Maintain structure of myocyte

23
Q

Myosin

A

-“Thick Filament”= Larger/Thicker

-Contains tail region that consists of 2 proteins that wrap around each other
-(Hinge Region/ “kneck region”) tension producing segment that sits between Tail region and globular heads
- Myosin protein ends have 2 globular heads
-Arranged in spiral around muscle fiber

24
Q

Myosin Hinge region

A

-When hinge region changes its shape it pulls on actin protein and tension is produced between both proteins.

25
Q

Myosin Globular head

A

-Contains actin binding site at the the tip of head
-Contains enzymatic region where binding of ATP takes place and then carry out a hydrolic reaction so that phosphate bond is broken and allows for a release of chemical energy that uses in part to change hinge region shape and produces tension.

26
Q

Actin Protein (3 components)

A

G- actin- individual monomer protein (Globular)- Actin protein

F- Actin- Globular shaped actin Proteins bound together to form Filament(Filamentous Actin)

Myosin Binding Site- Found at each individual actin Protein. Tropomyosin blocks binding of Myosin and Actin

27
Q

Troponin (RGP) regulatory proteins

A

RGP that binds calcium (Ca2+ binding site)

28
Q

Tropomyosin (RGP)

A

long protein that covers myosin binding site (on Actin) when muscle contraction is unwanted

29
Q

Aplha-Motorneuron

A

Innervate/connect to skeletal muscle cells

30
Q

Motor End Plate

A

Section of Sacrolemma where where axon terminal synapses

31
Q

Cause of formation of a Crossbridge

A

Binding of Actin and Myosin head

32
Q

Maximal Tension at sarcomere

A

Length- 2.0-2.3 microns

33
Q

Why is Tension Maximal @ sarcomere length of 2.2 microns?

A

(2.0-2.3 microns) signifies that maximal crossbridges are formed between Myosin and Actin

34
Q

Latent Period in Muscle Contraction

A

Skeletal muscle tissues need time dispel of slack within itself

35
Q

Voltage gated channel

A

Opened by depolarization

36
Q

Motor Unit

A

The alpha motor neuron and each of the individual muscle fibers/cells that it innervates

37
Q

4 major phases of Muscle Contraction

A
  1. Excitation
  2. Excitation-Contraction coupling (ACh to Muscle AP)
  3. Contraction
  4. Relaxation
38
Q

Muscular Fatigue

A

Decrease in muscular force production overtime

-Main factors: Release of H+ that drops ph inside muscle cells
: ADP and Pi concentration increase which causes ATP hydrolysis
: (K+ efflux) Exit of Potassium from muscle cell
: Central Fatigue

39
Q

Wave Summation/Incomplete Tetanus/Temporal Summation

A

Upward increase in tension as a result of repeated stimuli, calcium isn’t given enough time to return back to SR

40
Q

Fused Tetanus

A

Frequency of Stimuli is applied so rapidly that all troponin available binds calcium and maximal number of crossbridges are formed

Horizontal line that is formed after Max tension is produced

41
Q

Twitch

A

Stimuli is applied, cross-bridges are formed, and calcium is put away back in the SR (sarcoplasmic Reticulum) due to slow frequency of stimuli

42
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

No movement is being produced, muscle is being contracted but does not shorten

43
Q

CONCENTRIC iso contraction

A

Muscle shortens, (flexing of muscle against gravity) (tension is present)

44
Q

Eccentric iso contraction

A

Extension of muscle( muscle is elongated as crossbridges are being formed)

45
Q

(Slow Oxidative)-SO Fiber / Type l

A

Most Fatigue Resistant fiber,
smallest of the 3,
slowest contraction,
Oxygen Capacity- High
Force production- weak

46
Q

Fast Oxidative FO(-type lla)

A

Contraction time- moderate/fast
Oxygen Capacity- High
Size- medium
Fatigue Resistance- moderate
Force Production- moderate

47
Q

Fast Glycolytic

A

Contraction- very fast
Oxygen Capacity- very low
Size- largest
Fatigue resistance- least/little
Force Production- Very High

48
Q

Fiber types are never mixed in a motor unit

A

Question 25

A&P (17 decks)

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