CH 11 Flashcards
What’s Infancy?
The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 to 24 months.
What’s the Cephalocaudal Rule?
The tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet.
What’s the Proximodistal Rule?
The tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery.
What’s Piaget’s Cognitive Development?
The process by which infants and children gain the ability to think and understand.
What’s the Sensorimotor Stage?
A stage of cognitive development that begins at birth and lasts through infancy. s the word sensorimotor suggests, infants at this stage are mainly busy using their ability to sense (perceptual skills) and their ability to move (motor skills) to acquire information about the world. (Birth to 2 years)
What’s the Preoperational Stage?
Child acquires motor skills but does not understand conversation of physical properties. Child begins this stage by thinking egocentrically but ends with a basic understanding of their minds, (2-6 years)
What’s the Concrete Operational Stage?
Child can think logically about physical objects and events and understands conversation of physical properties. (6-11 years)
What’s Formal Operational?
Child can think logically about abstract propositions and hypotheticals. (11 and up)
What’s Conservation?
The understanding that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant, despite changes in the object’s appearance.
Ex. Orange Juice experiment
What’s Egocentrism?
The failure to understand that the world appears different to different people.
What’s the Theory of Mind?
The understanding that the mind produces representation of the world and that these representation guide behavior.
What are Schema’s?
Theories’ about the way the world works.
What’s Assimilation?
Infants apply their schema in novel situations.
What’s Accomodation?
When infants revise their schema in light of new information.
What’s Object permanence?
The fact that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible.
What’s Joint Attention?
The ability to focus on what another person is focused on. (“I see what you see)
What’s Social Inferencing?
The ability to use another person’s reactions as information about how they should think about the world. (“I do what you do”)
What’s the Germinal Stage?
The 2 week period that begins at conception. Zygote cell division.
What’s the Embryonic Stage?
A period that starts at about the 2nd week after conception and lasts until about the 8th week. Continues to divide and cells differentiate. An inch long, the embryo has arms, legs, and a beating heart.
What’s the Fetal Stage?
A period that lasts from about the 9th week after conception until birth. Fetus has a skeleton and muscles that makes it capable of movement.
What’s a Teratogen?
Any substance that passes from mother to unborn child and impairs development.
Ex. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome from alcohol cause the baby to have varieties of brain abnormalities.
What’s Internal Working Model?
Infants develop a set of beliefs about the way relationships work.
What’s Secure Attachment?
May or not be distressed when their caregiver leaves the room, but they respond positively to her when she returns.
What’s Ambivalent attachment style?
Distressed when caregiver leaves the room, but when she returns they don’t respond positively or negatively towards her.
