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Comm Vocab Exam 2 > Ch 11 & 12 & 13 > Flashcards

Ch 11 & 12 & 13 Flashcards

0
Q

vigilant thinker

A

group member who pays attention to the process of how problems are solved, is sensitive to the need to make changes, identifies the goal of the group, identifies options the group has, and evaluates the positive and negative implication of the options

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1
Q

Ch 11

functional approach

A

approach to group problem solving that assumes that, to achieve a group goal, group members should perform certain communication functions

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2
Q

results-driven structure

A

structure that causes a group to focus its efforts on the actions it needs to take to achieve its goals

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3
Q

structure

A

way a group or team discussion is organized, focusing on the group’s agenda and the task that needs to be achieved

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4
Q

interaction

A

give-and-take discussion and responsiveness to other group members

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5
Q

reflective thinking

A

problem-solving process based on the scientific method

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6
Q

criteria

A

standards for an acceptable solution

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7
Q

force field analysis technique

A

method of analyzing a problem or issue by identifying forces that increase the likelihood that the desired goal will occur (driving forces) and forces that decrease that probability that the goal will occur (restraining forces)

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8
Q

creativity

A

generation, application, combination, and extension of new ideas

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9
Q

brainstorming

A

technique for generating many possible solutions to a problem by withholding evaluation while group members suggest ideas; ideas are evaluated after suggestions have been offered

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10
Q

silent brainstorming (nominal group technique)

A

method of generating creative ideas; group members brainstorm individually and write down their ideas before meeting together to share them

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11
Q

consensus

A

agreement among all members of a group or team to support an idea, proposal, or solution

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12
Q

groupthink

A

faulty sense of agreement that occurs when members of a group fail to challenge an idea; a false consensus reached when conflict is minimized and group members do not express concerns or reservations about an idea or proposal

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13
Q

strategies to reach consensus (3)

A
  1. be goal oriented
  2. listen
  3. promote honest dialogue and discussion
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14
Q

leadership

A

ability to influence the behavior of others through communication

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15
Q

trait approach to leadership

A

view of leadership that identifies specific qualities or characteristics of effective leaders

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16
Q

functional approach to leadership

A

view of leadership that identifies the key task and process roles that need to be performed in a group

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17
Q

task function

A

leadership behavior that helps a group accomplish its job

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18
Q

process function

A

leadership behavior that helps maintain a positive group climate

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19
Q

styles approach to leadership

A

view of leadership that identifies three methods of interacting when leading others: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire

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20
Q

authoritarian leader

A

one who leads by directing, controlling, telling, and ordering others

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21
Q

democratic leader

A

one who leads by developing a consensus among group members; a leader who asks for input and then uses the input when leading and making decisions

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22
Q

laissez-faire leader

A

one who fails to lead or who leads or exerts influence only when asked or directed by the group

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23
Q

situational approach to leadership

A

view of leadership as an interactive process in which a leader gauges how to lead based on such factors as the quality of the relationships among group members, the power of the leader, the nature of the task, and the maturity of the group

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24
Q

transformational approach to leadership

A

view of leadership that defines a leader as one who leads by shaping the vision of the group and by developing trust through quality interpersonal relationships with group members

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25
Q

surface-level diversity

A

human differences that are easily visible to us, such as differences in ethnicity, race, age, sex, gender, and other social and observable features

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26
Q

deep-level diversity

A

human differences that aren’t always visible on the surface, such as differences in attitudes, opinions, values, information, culture, and other factors that take time to become evident in groups

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27
Q

agenda

A

written plan for achieving the goals during a group meeting, which typically includes items for discussion, action, and information

28
Q

quorum

A

minimum number of persons who must be present at a meeting to conduct business

29
Q

metadiscussion

A

discussion about the discussion process; comments that help the group remain focused on the goals of the group or that point out how the group is doing its work

30
Q

“i” message

A

a message in which you state your perspective or point of view

31
Q

“you” message

A

message that is likely to create defensiveness in others because it emphasizes how another person has created a problem rather than describing the problem from one’s own perspective (“I” message)

32
Q

Ch 12

decision making

A

making a choice from among several alternatives

33
Q

supermajority decision

A

decision based on agreement on a solution, action, or decision by at least 2/3 of a group

34
Q

problem solving

A

a process that attempts to overcome or manage an obstacle in order to reach a goal

35
Q

descriptive approach

A

an approach to problem-solving that helps people understand how a group solves solves a problem

36
Q

functional approach

A

an approach to problem-solving that emphasizes the performance of certain activities and effective communication to accomplish a group goal

37
Q

prescriptive approach

A

an approach to problem-solving that identifies specific gender and techniques to improve problem solving

38
Q

orientation phase

A

Fisher’s first phase of small group interaction, in which members try to understand one another and the task before their group

39
Q

primary tension

A

anxiety and tension that occur when a group 1st meets and members feel awkward and uncertain how to behave

40
Q

secondary tension

A

conflicts and stress that occur in a group as members vie for positions of leadership and influence or when group members begin to express disagreement about the task at hand

41
Q

conflict phase

A

Fisher’s Second phase of the group interaction, in which disagreement and individual differences arise

42
Q

emergence phase

A

Fisher’s third phase in which a group begins to manage disagreement and conflict

43
Q

reinforcement

A

fourth and final phase of group development in which group members expressed positive regard for the group and its members and offer comments that build cohesiveness

44
Q

dialectical theory

A

descriptive model of the group problem-solving that suggests that during communication competing tensions can pull the conversation in multiple directions; group members may feel simultaneously separate from the group connected to the group

45
Q

breakpoint

A

hey point in a group discussion when members shift to a different activity

46
Q

activity tracks

A

phases of problem solving that do not follow linear, step-by-step patterns

47
Q

task-process activity

A

an activity that helps a group manage its task or accomplish its work

48
Q

relational activity

A

an activity that sustains relationships among group members and manages the group climate

49
Q

topical focus activity

A

an activity that deals with the issues under discussion by a group at a given time

50
Q

vigilant thinkers

A

people who use logic, reasoning, evidence, and data to analyze issues and problems; they also establish clear decision criteria and evaluate the positive and negative consequences of a decision

51
Q

bona fide perspective on groups

A

The view that the context and boundaries of groups change

52
Q

Ch 13

reflective thinking

A

John Dewey’s problem-solving method, which includes defining a problem, analyzing it, suggesting possible solutions for it, selecting the best solution for it, and testing and implementing that solution

53
Q

standard agenda

A

a prescriptive agenda for solving a group or team problem that includes

(1) identifying and defining the problem
(2) analyzing the problem
(3) identifying possible solutions
(4) selecting the best solution
(5) implementing the solution

54
Q

structure

A

methods used to keep a group discussion focused and on task, which include using an agenda, rules, procedures, and problem-solving steps

55
Q

interaction

A

the give-and-take convo, talk, dialogue, and reaction to the message of others that occur during a group discussion

56
Q

is/is not analysis

A

a method of separating the causes from the symptoms of a problem by considering such questions as: What is or is not the problem? What are or are not symptoms of the problem? and When and where does the problem occur or not occur?

57
Q

journalist’s six questions

A

the 6 ques news reporters use to analyze an event: Who? What? When? Where? Why? and How?

58
Q

Pareto principle

A

the principle that the source of 80% of a problem comes from 20% of the incidents.

59
Q

cause-and-effect diagram

A

analysis tool (also called a fishbone diagram) that charts the causes and effects of a problem or outcome

60
Q

criteria

A

standards for an acceptable solution to a problem

61
Q

t-chart

A

diagram (in the shape of a large T) on which the pros and cons of a particular proposition are listed on either side of the middle line

62
Q

prototype

A

model or similar version of a solution to a problem that is developed to test the solution, product, or process before implementing the solution on a larger scale

63
Q

action chart

A

a grid that lists tasks that need to be done and identifies who will be responsible for each task

64
Q

flowchart

A

a step-by-step diagram of a multistep process

65
Q

reflect

A

having one or more group members consciously observing and verbalizing how the group and individual group members are following procedures and rules and interacting with one another.

66
Q

ideal-solution format

A

a problem-solving method that helps a group define a problem, speculate about an ideal solution, and identify the obstacles that keep it from achieving its goal

67
Q

single-question format

A

a problem-solving agenda that helps a group identify key issues and subissues of a problem

Comm Vocab Exam 2 (2 decks)

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