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Rad Pro 4 > Ch. 11 Cranium Test > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Cranium Test Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

The skull is composed of ____ separate bones.

A

22

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2
Q

There are ___ cranial bones.

A

8

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3
Q

How many bones make up the Calvaria?

Name them.

A

4

Frontal
Occipital
Right and Left Parietal

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4
Q

Name the four sutures and what bones they correspond with:

A
  • Coronal (Found between the Frontal and Parietal Bones)
  • Sagittal (Located on top of the head between the two Parietal Bones, and just behind the Coronal Suture)
  • Squamosal (Between the Temporal Bones and the Parietal Bones)
  • Lambdoidal (Between the Occipital Bone and the Parietal Bones)
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5
Q

The junction of the coronal and sagittal suture is the:

A

Bregma

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6
Q

Except for the mandible, the bones of the cranium and face are joined by fibrous joints called:

A

Sutures

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7
Q

The ___ is the junction of the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures.

A

Lambda

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8
Q

On the lateral aspect of the skull, the junction of the parietal bone, squamosal suture, and greater wing of the sphenoid is the _____

A

Pterion, which overlies the middle meningeal artery.

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9
Q

At the junction of the occipital bone, parietal bone, and mastoid portion of the temporal bone is the:

A

Asterion

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10
Q

The posterior and sphenoidal fontanels normally close in the first or third month after birth.
When do the anterior and mastoid fontanels usually close?

A

During the second year of life

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11
Q

What is the midpoint of the frontal nasal suture called?

A

the Nasion

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12
Q

Internally, the cranial floor is divided into three regions:

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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13
Q

The ___ fossa extends from the anterior frontal bone to the lesser wing of the sphenoid. It is associated mainly with what lobe(s) of the cerebrum?

A
  • Anterior Cranial Fossa
  • Frontal Lobes
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14
Q

The middle cranial fossa accommodates the ___lobes and associated neurovascular structures and extends from the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone to the apices of petrous portions of the ___ bones.

A
  • Temporal
  • Temporal
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15
Q

The deep depression posterior to the petrous ridges is the ___ fossa. Which protects what?

A
  • Posterior Cranial Fossa
  • Cerebelum, Pons, and the Medulla Oblongata
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16
Q

REVIEW ETHMOID BONE ANATOMY

A
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17
Q

In radiography, at what point should the width of the head be measured? Why?

A

Partial Eminence because its the widest point of the head

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18
Q

Where does the sella turcica lie?

A

(Sphenoid Bone)

  • Lies in the MSP of the cranium at a point 3/4 inch anterior and 3/4 inch superior to the level of the External Acoustic Meatus (EAM)
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19
Q

What bone(s) does the sphenoid bone articulate with?

A

ALL cranial bones

Only cranial bone that articulates with all other cranial bones

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20
Q

The slanted area of bone posterior and inferior to the dorsum sellae is continuous with the basilar portion of the occipital bone and is called the _____

A

Clivus

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21
Q

Know where petrous ridges are found ????

A

Interior of the skull, on the temporal bones???

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22
Q

The essential parts of the ear are housed where?

A

The Petrous Portion of the temporal bone

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23
Q

The organs of hearing and equilibrium consist of three main divisions:

A

External Ear
Middle Ear
Internal Ear

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24
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A
  • The auricle (sound collecting organ)
  • EAM (sound conducting canal)
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25
The Middle Ear is between the external and internal ear. What does the middle ear consist of?
- Tympanic Membrane (or eardrum) - Tympanic Cavity - Auditory Ossicles (three small bones)
26
The Internal Ear contains the ____ , and lies where?
Essential sensory apparatus of hearing and equilibrium, and lies in the densest portion of the petrous portion
27
The brachycephalic skull is ___ from front to back and ____ from side to side.
- Short - Broad
28
The dolichocephalic skull is __ from front to back and ___ from side to side
- Long - Narrow
29
Which skull morphology is considered typical?
Mesocephalic Skull
30
What is the radiographic baseline?
Orbitalmeatal line (OML)
31
What is your reed baseline?
IOML
32
What is the degree difference between the OML and IOML?
7 degree angle
33
What planes are parallel to the long axis of the IR in a true lateral skull projection?
Mid-Sagittal and IOML
34
What structures should be shown on a lateral skull projection? Pg. 34
Superimposed halves of the cranium with the details of the side adjacent to the IR. The sella turcica, anterior clinoid processes, dorsum sellae, and the posterior clinoid processes are well shown
35
What is your central ray for an AP Axial (Towne Method)?
Directed through the foramen magnum at a caudad angle of 30 degrees to the OML and 37 degrees to the IOML. Central ray is approximately 2 1/2 inches above the glabella and passes through the EAM
36
What is your central ray for a PA and PA Axial (Caldwell Method)?
PA- Perpendicular to exit the nasion PA Axial (Caldwell)- Direct central ray to exit through the nasion at an angle of 15 degrees caudad
37
On a PA and PA Axial, to show the superior orbital fissures, direct the central ray:
through the mid-orbitals at an angle of 20-25 degrees caudad
38
What is the central ray for a Lateral Skull Projection?
Perpendicular entering 2 inches superior to the EAM
39
On a lateral projection, you should adjust the patient's head so that ____
The MSP is parallel to the plane of the IR
40
What skull projection will show the petrous ridges in the lower 3rd of the orbits?
PA Axial Projection (Caldwell)
41
What skull projection causes the petrous ridges to fill the orbits?
PA
42
What plane is perpendicular to the IR on the AP Axial (Towne) Projection? Pg. 44
MSP and OML
43
What structures are shown in your AP Axial (townes) projection?
Pg. 46
44
Where should the center of the IR be on a Towne (AP Axial) Projection?
At or near the level of the foramen magnum
45
Look at images of each projection in Merills!!!
46
Labeling of the positioning lines.....
47
Name: Skull Projections (we do) IR Size Central Ray
1) PA and PA AXIAL (Caldwell Method) - 10x12 lengthwise CR: PA perpendicular exiting the nasion CR: PA Axial 15 degrees caudad exiting the nasion 2) AP AXIAL (Towne) - 10x12 lengthwise CR: Directed through the foramen magnum at a caudad angle or 30 degrees to the OML or 37 to the IOML 3) Lateral right or left - 10x12 crosswise CR: Perpendicular entering 2 inches superior to EAM
48
What is the other “name” for the PA Axial Projection?
Caldwell Method
49
What’s the other name for the AP Axial Projection?
Towne Method
50
What division of the ear is the EAM located in?
External Ear
51
The ethmoid bone articulated with the:
Frontal, and Sphenoid bones
52
What bones does the frontal bone articulate with?
Right and left Parietals Sphenoid Ethmoid Bones
53
Each parietal bone presents a prominent bulge, called the:
Parietal Eminence
54
What does each parietal bone articulate with?
Frontal Temporal Occipital Sphenoid And Opposite Parietal bone
55
What does the occipital home articulate with?
Two Parietals Two Temporals Sphenoid First Cervical Vertebra
56
The EAM is approximately ___ in length and projects medically, anteriorly, and slightly superiorly
1/2 inch
57
____ is the thickest, densest bone in the cranium
Petrous Portion
58
____ part of the temporal bone contains the organs or hearing and balance.
Petrous Portion
59
What does the temporal home articulate with?
Parietal, occipital, and sphenoid bones of the cranium
60
In the typically shaped head, the peters pyramids project anteriorly and medically at an angle of ____ from the MSP of the skull.
47 degrees
61
What skull projection is the only view you see the foramen magnum on?
AP AXIAL (Towne)
62
What view is the sella turcica in profile on?
Lateral Right or Left Position
63
What view do you see the foramen magnum?
AP Axial Towne

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