Ch 11 Notes

Question 1

Factors Affecting Parl ability to Make Law

Answer 1

1. Bicameral
2. International pressures
3. Rep nature of Parl

Question 2

Bicameral acts as “quality control” because…

Answer 2

1. 2nd house checks and amends
2. Ensures no misuse of powers by other

Question 3

In practice, Bicameral means…

Answer 3

Must be passed in identical form by majority of members of both houses

Question 4

Composition of Upper House:

Answer 4

1. Hostile upper house (no gov majority)
2. Rubber stamp

Question 5

Balance of power in Hostile Upper House

Answer 5

Held by cross benchers - gov needs support of either opp or cross benchers

Question 6

Hostile Upper House: Strengths

Answer 6

1. More thorough bill scrutiny
2. Gov must consider range of views

Question 7

Hostile Upper House: Weaknesses

Answer 7

1. Limits ability of law reform
2. Disprop high power of minor parties
3. Minor parties with power may not have detailed plans/clear stance

Question 8

Rubber Stamp: Strengths

Answer 8

1. Gov can quick intro and imp. bills - the only pressure is public and risk of no re-elect

Question 9

Rubber Stamp: Weaknesses

Answer 9

1. Upper house no longer “house of review”
2. Upper no longer rep wider community
3. Gov ca easy reject priv member bills

Question 10

Key Issues of LM Process

Answer 10

1. Many stages of a bill
2. Limited sitting days

Question 11

Reasons for: Stages of a Bill

Answer 11

1. Controv bills debated more
2. COVID laws were still quickly passed (judge-alone)

Question 12

Reasons against: Stages of a Bill

Answer 12

1. Criticised for slow passing bills
2. Parl lacks sitting days to go through

Question 13

Reasons for LESS sitting days

Answer 13

1. Time in community&raquo_space; better understand
2. Parl committees can still continue their work (public hearings and meetings)
3. Powers delegate to secondary legis

Question 14

Reasons against LESS sitting days

Answer 14

1. Waste of time bc reduces opportunities to pass bills

Question 15

No of sitting days 2024 - HoR + Senate

Answer 15

HoR: 65 days
Senate: 67 days

Question 16

Aim of UN

Answer 16

To maintain internat peace and security + achieve internat cooperation by develop friendly relations among nations

Question 17

CC: Pressure to Act

Answer 17

1. UN (e.g. 2022 - Aus crit for not strengthening 2030 target)
2. Org and Groups (e.g. Greenpeace - protect ppl from CC impacts)
3. Other Countries (e.g. US)
4. Individuals (e.g. Greta Thunberg)

Question 18

CC: Pressure NOT to Act

Answer 18

1. Industry Organisations (e.g. coal and mining)
2. Certain Pol Parties and Gov members (e.g. Pauline Hanson)
3. Workers in Coal Comm (want protect job)

Question 19

CC: Current Gov responses

Answer 19

1. Aus Labour&raquo_space; “Climate Change Act 2022 (Clth)”&raquo_space; net zero by 2050
2. Vic Gov commit to reduction targets

Question 20

ACR: Reasons for Change

Answer 20

1. Low age&raquo_space; overrep of FN in detention
2. Many young crime is from disadv/complex background
3. CJS cause trauma and lead to life of crime

Question 21

ACR: Pressure to Act

Answer 21

1. UN (e.g. says 14yrs&raquo_space; should focus on prevent and rehab)
2. Org and Groups (e.g. #RaiseTheAge - campaign thru social media to influence politician)
3. NGOs - “Amnesty Internat and HR Watch”&raquo_space; concerns of crim on children

Question 22

ACR: Pressure NOT to Act

Answer 22

1. WA Office of Pub Pros - bc young crime is rare, and if they do, it is usually regular
2. SA Police - raise age sends wrong message

Question 23

ACR: Current Gov Responses

Answer 23

1. Vic Gov will raise to 14 yrs by 2027 with exclusions of serious crimes
2. Attorney generals meet quarterly to examine such issues

Question 24

Factors Affecting Rep Nature of Parl:

Answer 24

1. Diversity of Parl
2. Willingness of Parl to act in accord with views of majority
3. Regular elections