Ch. 11 Terms

Question 1

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 1

Featured African Americans fighting for their constitutional rights

Question 2

Brown vs Board of Education

Answer 2

The Supreme Court reversed the Plessy decision and ruled that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional

Question 3

Rosa Parks

Answer 3

An African American woman who refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. The bus driver called the police who arrested her and took her to jail.

Question 4

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 4

A young Baptist minister who lead the Montgomery Improvement Association in a boycott of city buses.

Question 5

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 5

A major victory for African Americans and served to make Martin Luther King Jr. a national figure.

Question 6

Sit-Ins

Answer 6

Nonviolent protests in which blacks sat in segregated places until they were served or arrested

Question 7

Freedom Rides

Answer 7

The congress of Racial Equality, CORE, organized these to test the supreme court’s decision that segregation was illegal in bust stations open to interstate travel.

Question 8

March On Washington

Answer 8

MLK Jr. Stood before the Lincoln Memorial and addressed a crowd of more that 200000 civil rights supporters about his dream that the US would become a desegregated society

Question 9

Malcom X

Answer 9

Preached that blacks should use “any means necessary” to secure their rights.

Question 10

Black Power

Answer 10

A term that included pride in African heritage, separate black economic and political institutions, self-defense against white violence, and, sometimes, violent revolution.

Question 11

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 11

The president following kennedy’s assassination who strongly urged congress to pass the new civil rights laws in honor of the late president.

Question 12

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 12

Prohibited segregation in public accommodations as well as discrimination in education and employment. It gave the president power to enforce the new law.

Question 13

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

Answer 13

Served to protect blacks’ voting rights by making the poll tax illegal

Question 14

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 14

Authorized the president to suspend literacy tests for voter registration and to send federal officials to register voters in the event that county officials failed to do so.

Question 15

Cold War

Answer 15

Across the globe and particularly in the underdeveloped nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the US and the USSR tried to outmaneuver one another for influence and make allies of these nations.

Question 16

Great Society

Answer 16

Consisted of various proposed social programs and centered greatly around Johnson’s declared “War on Poverty”

Question 17

War on Poverty

Answer 17

Johnson’s idea to reduce poverty

Question 18

Vietnam

Answer 18

France established this colony, but following WW2, fighting erupted as they began to want independence. This worried Eisenhower because of the nationalists’ ties to communism.

Question 19

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 19

Gave the president the authority to “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US…” Johnson was able to take military action in Vietnam.

Question 20

Operation Rolling Thunder

Answer 20

Johnson ordered an intense bombing campaign against North Vietnam.

Question 21

Tet Offensive

Answer 21

Produced heavy fighting even in the South Vietnamese and Viet Cong launched a major coordinated attack against the US and South Vietnamese forces

Question 22

Anti-War Movement

Answer 22

Mass demonstrations against war took place.

Question 23

Richard Nixon

Answer 23

Vowed to get the US out of Vietnam.

Question 24

Paris Peace Accords

Answer 24

The US, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and leaders met together in Paris, France. It officially ended US involvement in Vietnam.

Question 25

Saigon

Answer 25

In the Spring of 1975 (after Nixon had left office), North Vietnamese finally surrounded this South Vietnamese capital

Question 26

Kent State University

Answer 26

The protest turned violent. Guardsmen ended up killing four people and left nine others seriously injured.

Question 27

Pentagon Papers

Answer 27

The New York Times published these. They were a study ordered by former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and documented the history of US involvement in Vietnam. They revealed that the Executive Branch had lied to congress concerning war.

Question 28

Counterculture

Answer 28

Culture division that was taking hold in the US during this time period.

Question 29

Students for a Democratic Society (USDS)

Answer 29

Launched large protests and called for many radical steps to deal with poverty, inequality, and ending the war in Vietnam.

Question 30

United Farm Workers

Answer 30

Supported the rights of migrant farm workers, many of whom were poor Hispanic immigrants. Founded by Cesar Chavez.

Question 31

Women’s Movement

Answer 31

Often referred to as “women’s liberation” or “women’s lib,” rejected traditional gender roles and advocated equality between men and women.

Question 32

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 32

The women’s movement led to a campaign to amend the constitution to make sexual discrimination illegal. It failed to be ratified.

Question 33

Roe vs Wade

Answer 33

The Supreme Court ruled state laws restricting a woman’s right to an abortion during the first three months of pregnancy to be unconstitutional. It remains one of the most controversial decisions in US history.

Question 34

Détente

Answer 34

President Nixon believed in this philosophy. Under this policy, Nixon sought to ease the tensions that existed between the US and these nations through diplomacy rather than intimidation or force.

Question 35

New Federalism

Answer 35

A domestic set of policies launched by Nixon. He wanted to cut government programs and spending and give more power back to the states; he wanted to turn back the aggressive tide of civil rights legislation and advocated a “middle road” between instant integration and “segregation forever”.

Question 36

School Busing

Answer 36

The practice of having students attend schools outside the boundaries of who might normally be their district in order to achieve racial integration.

Question 37

Oil Embargo

Answer 37

In response to the US backing Israel during its war with Egypt and Syria, the Arab States comprising OPEC imposed this in which they refused to sell oil to the US.

Question 38

Environmental movement

Answer 38

Citizens advocated conservation and government policies designed to preserve and protect the environment.

Question 39

EPA

Answer 39

Environment Protection Agency; congress passed legislation to maintain clean air and water and the administration established this to be responsible for setting and enforcing national pollution-control standards.