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CH Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Define Gastroesophageal Reflux

A

Normal Physiological Process (1st Year)

Inappropriate Relaxation of LES

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2
Q

When does GER Resolve

A

Resolves Spontaneously 12 Months of Age

Maturation of LES

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3
Q

What causes GER?

A

Functional Immaturity
Fluids Diet
Horizontal Posture
Short intra-abdominal esophageal length

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4
Q

Pathophysiology of GER

A

Transient LES Relaxations

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5
Q

Complications of GERD

A

FTT
Esophagitis
Adenocarcinoma / Barretts
Sandifer Syndrome (Dystonic Neck Posturing)

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6
Q

Neonatal Period

A

First 4 Weeks of Life

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7
Q

Stillbirth

A

Death after 24 Weeks Gestation

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8
Q

Still Birth Rate

A

Deaths after 24 Weeks / 1000 Births

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9
Q

Perinatal Mortality Rate

A

Still Birth + 1st Week Deaths / 1000

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10
Q

Neonatal Mortality rate

A

First 4 Weeks Deaths / 1000 Births

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11
Q

Normal Neonate Weight

A

2.5 - 4 Kg

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12
Q

Normal Neonate Length

A

50 Cm

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13
Q

Normal Neonate Head Circumference

A

35 Cm

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14
Q

What is given to the newborn regarding eyes

A

Erythromycin (First 72 Hours)

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15
Q

Which Period of time is jaundice pathologic

A

First 24 Hours

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16
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Inability of body to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine

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17
Q

Classical PKU

A

Mental Disability + Seizures

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18
Q

Medium chain acyl coa dehydrogenase deficiency

A

Impaired ability to breakdown medium chain fa into acetyl coa
Build up of medium chain fats

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19
Q

When is parenteral nutrition indicated

A

Preterms < 1.5 Kg

Enteral contraindicated

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20
Q

When does a mature suckling pattern develop?

A

32 / 34 Weeks

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21
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Criteria

A

PPV First 2 Weeks

Abnormally Respiratory Function

Requires Supplemental oxygen (28+ Days) to maintain PaO2 > 50

Chest Radiograph

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22
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Management

A

Corticosteroids

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23
Q

Apnea

A 
No Respiration 
20+ Seconds
or
Bradycardia (<100)
or
Cyanosis
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24
Q

Apnea Management

A 
Monitoring
Physical Stimulation
Bag + Mask Ventilation
Suctioning
Neck Positioning
Caffeine Citrate
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25
Vaccinations at Birth
Hepatitis B BCG OPV
26
Vaccinations at 2 Months (6)
Pentavalent Vaccine | OPV
27
Vaccinations at 4 Months (6)
Pentavalent OPV IPV
28
Vaccinations at 6 Months (5)
Pentavalent | OPV
29
Vaccinations at 9 Months
OPV | Vitamin A
30
Vaccinations at 12 Months
MMR | OPV
31
Vaccinations at 18 Months (4)
OPV DPT MMR Vitamin A
32
Diphtheria Disease
Toxin Producing Bacteria | Spread by Droplets
33
Diphtheria Disease Presentation
Gray Membrane Across Throat | Paralysis of Cardiac / Skeletal Muscles
34
Pertussis Disease
``` Respiratory Illness Chest infection Convulsions Brain Damage Subconjunctival Hemorrhages (Coughing) ```
35
Pertussis and Pregnant Women Vaccination
Boostric (dTap / IPV) | Between 28 - 38 Weeks
36
Difference between OPV / IPV
OPV - Live Attenuated | IPV - Killed
37
Which vaccine is protective against TB?
BCG
38
When to give Hib Vaccine ?
2 / 4 / 6 / 12-15
39
Define Short Stature Percentile
Less than 3rd Percentile | Below 2SD
40
Familial Short Stature vs Constitutional
Familial (BA = CA > Height Age) | Constitutional (CA > BA = Height Age)
41
Type of short stature in Achondroplasia
Disproportionate short stature
42
Define Overweight
BMI 85 - 95 | 1.5 - 2 SD
43
Define Obese
> 95th Percentile | > 2 SD
44
Features of Prader - Willi
``` Epicanthal Folds (Asian Eyes) Almond Shaped Eyes Flat Bridge Smooth Philtrum Thin Upper Lip ```
45
Precocious Puberty
Males - Less than 9 | Females - Less than 8
46
True Central Precocious Puberty
Increased LH / FSH / Test or Est
47
Mild / Moderate Asthma Emergency Treatment
``` Beta Agonist (Spacer) Oral Steroids ```
48
Mild / Moderate Asthma Treatment (No Improvement)
``` Beta Agonist (Nebulized) Ipratoprium IV Infusion MG Aminophylline Salbutamol ```
49
Severe Asthma Treatment
High Flow Oxygen Beta Agonist (Nebulizer) Ipratropium (Nebulizer) IV Steroids
50
Severe asthma treatment (No Improvement)
IV Infusion | Bronchodilator
51
Adrenaline Dosage in Anaphylaxis
12+ YO / Adults - 500 micrograms (0.5mL) 6-12 YO - 300 micrograms (0.3mL) Less than 6 YO - 150 micrograms (0.15mL) Intramuscular
52
IV Fluid Challenge Anaphylaxis
Adult 500-1000 | Child 20 ml/kg
53
Chlorphenamine Anaphylaxis
12+ YO - 10 mg 6-12YO - 5 mg 6m - 6YO - 2.5 mg Less than 6 months - 250 micrograms / kg
54
Hydrocortisone Anaphylaxis
12+ - 200 6-12 - 100 6m-6 - 50 <6M - 25
55
Treatment of Neonatal Seizures (First Line)
Phenobarbital Loading - (20 mg/ kg IV over 30 Mins) Maintenance (2.5-5 mg/kg) 24 Hours after Loading
56
Neonatal Seizures Second / Third Line
Second - Phenytoin | Third -Clonazepam
57
Management of Febrile Infant (Red in Classification)
Refer to pediatrician
58
Management of Febrile under 3 Months
Under 1 Month - Parenteral Ab 1 - 3 Months unwell - Parenteral Ab WCC < 5000 or > 15000
59
Lice Treatment
Gamma Benzene Hexachloride Permethrin Malathion
60
Achondroplasia Gene Mutation
FGFR3 Gene on chromosome 4
61
Marfan Syndrome mutation
Fibrillin 1
62
When should pregnant women be vaccinated rubella ?
28 Days before planning to get pregnant
63
Iron Deficiency Prevention
2mg/kg/day | Max Weight 30 Kg
64
Iron Deficiency Anemia (Treatment)
6mg/kg/day (Max 30 Kg) (3* Prevention Dose)
65
Vitamin D Deficiency Prevention
400-600 IU/Day
66
Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment
<1 Month - 1000 Units Daily One Month 1 - 6 Months - 3000 Units Daily One Month >6 Months - 6000 Units Daily One Month + 500 mg/d Calcium
67
Vitamin A Supplementation with vaccines (Deficiency Prevention)
12 Months - 100,000 IU | 18 Months - 200,000 IU
68
Vitamin A Deficiency Treatment
``` < 3 Years - 600 mcg (2k IU) 4 - 8 YO - 900mcg (3k IU) 9 - 13 YO - 1700mcg (6k IU) 14 - 18 YO - 2800mcg (9k IU) 18 + YO - 3000mcg (10k IU) ```
69
Underweight Definition
Weight for Age < - 2 SD
70
Stunting Definition
Height for Age < - 2 SD | Stunt - Short
71
Wasting Defintion
Weight for Height < -2 SD
72
Overweight
Weight for Height > +2 SD
73
Define Severe Acute Malnutrition
Edema of Both Feet Severe Wasting < -3 SD Mid UA Circumference < 115 mm (One or More of Following)
74
Marasmus
Most Common 20% weight loss Skin / Bones Appearance
75
Kwashiorkor
Oedema (Kersh) Hyperkeratosis Pigmented Hair Angular Stomatitis
76
Define Caput Succedaneum
Edema of Subcutaneous Tissues Crosses Suture Lines Disappears after two days No management
77
Subgaleal Hemorrhage
Blood under aponeurosis Crosses Suture Lines Disappears in weeks Blood transfusion in cases of anemia
78
Cephalohematoma
Blood between periosteum / bones Doesn't Cross Suture Lines Disappears in weeks Blood Transfusion
79
Erbs Palsy Nerves
C5 / C6
80
Klumpke's Paralysis Nerve Affection
C8 / T1
81
Reflexes affected in Erb / Klumpke
Erb's - Absent Moro's | Klumpke's - Absent Grasp
82
Erb's Paralysis Management
Resolves by 2/3 Months | Doesn't Resolve - Refer to Surgeon
83
Phrenic Nerve Palsy
Diaphragm Paralysis
84
Facial Nerve Palsy
Compression of Facial Nerve during delivery | Resolves Spontaneously within weeks
85
Clavicle Fracture
Moro Reflex Absent Reduced Arm Movement Mono Reflex Absent
86
Early treatment of PKU
Phe < 400 In Early Childhood | Near Normal IQ
87
PKU Treatment Strategies
``` Enzyme Enhancement (Sapropterin) Enzyme Replacement (Palynziq) ```
88
Contact Dermatitis Treatment
Topical Barrier Ointment or Petrolatum / Zinc Oxide
89
ADHD Treatment
Methylpenidate
90
When to refer Bronchiolitis Case to Hospital
Feeding 50 - 75 Percent Respiratory Rate 60+ (Red) Clinical Dehydration
91
Meningitis Medications
< 3 Months - Cefotaxime + Amoxicillin | > 3 Months - Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone
92
Cyanotic + Single Loud S2
TGA
93
Getting Back to School Measles
4 Days After Rash onset
94
Getting Back to School Rubella
5 Days after rash onset
95
Getting Back to School Whooping Cough
48 Hours after taking antibiotics
96
Getting back to school scarlet fever
24 Hours after starting antibiotics
97
Getting back to school diarrhea / vomitting
After symptoms settle by 48 hours
98
Croup Management Dose
0.15 mg/kg
99
Biliary Atresia Bilirubin
Elevated Conjugated Bilirubin | BC
100
Ebstein Anomaly
Lithium Use in Pregnancy | Atrialised Ventricle
101
Hand Foot Mouth Disease Organism
Coxsackie Virus | Hand Foot Mouth Cock
102
ASD Features
A Split Double - Splitting second heart sound

Y5 (6 decks)

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