Ch 12 & 13 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Promoter
A part of DNA that signals where to start in transcription
DNA polymerase
Matches nucleotides to the existing singe strand & bonds them together creating two double strands
Polypeptide
Many amino acids linked together
Mutation
Change in the genetic material of a cell
What are 3 parts of a nucleotide in DNA?
Dioxide ribose, phosphate group, the bases
What is the function of DNA?
DNA stored & transmits genetic information from one generation of bacteria to the next
What is the structure of DNA called?
Double helix
What makes up the ladder steps (rungs) and the sides(backbone)?
The backbone = deoxyribose & phosphate group
Rungs = nitrogen bases
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA is different from DNA because it is single stranded, contains uracil instead of thymine & RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose sugar
Where does DNA replication occur in a cell?
In bacteria
Why or when does DNA replication occur?
When a strand of DNA produces a copy of itself
What enzyme separates the 2 strands of DNA during replication?
Helicase enzyme
What would the corresponding DNA strand be if the strand GATCCA? What about mRNA?
CTAGGT CUAGGU
Which part of a nucleotide provides the code for proteins?
Nitrogenous base
What is transcription & where does it occur?
Transcription is the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template. Transcription occurs at the promoters.
What is the translation & where does it occur?
It is the process which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein. This occurs outside the nucleus.
What is the purpose of mRNA?
Attaches to one strand of DNA & matches the complementary bases
What is the purpose of tRNA?
To transfer amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins
What is a codon & an anticodon?
A codon is a series of three bases of mRNA matching a specific amino acid and an anticodon is a series of 3 complimentary bases to codons made up of tRNA.
