Ch. 12&13

Question 0

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

a. each with two new strands
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
c. each with one new strand and one original strand
d. each with two original strands

Answer 0

c. each with one new strand and one original strand

Question 1

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the

a. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA
b. anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
c. anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA
d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

Answer 1

d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

Question 2

Most mutations

a. have no effect on an organism
b. are fatal to an organism
c. are helpful to an organism
d. are harmful to an organism

Answer 2

a. have no effect on an organism

Question 3

Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of

a. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
c. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules
d. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules

Answer 3

b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules

Question 4

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces with the bases

a. TCGAAC
b. GATCCA
c. AGCTTG
d. GAUCCA

Answer 4

b. GATCCA

Question 5

The table in Figure 12-3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Charaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around

a. 28.8%
b. 19.9%
c. 21.5%
d. 13.4%

Answer 5

c. 21.5%

Question 6

What happens during translation?

a. Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code
b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins
c. Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made

Answer 6

b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins

Question 7

What happens during translation?

a. Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code.
b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.
c. Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made

Answer 7

b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.

Question 8

What type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. RNA polymearse

Answer 8

c. mRNA

Question 9

Unlike DNA, RNA contains

a. adenine
b. uracil
c. phosphate groups
d. thymine

Answer 9

b. uracil

Question 10

What do bacteriophages infect?

a. mice
b. humans
c. viruses
d. bacteria

Answer 10

d. bacteria

Question 11

A mutations that involves one or a few nucleotides is called

a. mutagen
b. an inversion
c. a point mutation
d. a translation

Answer 11

c. a point mutation

Question 12

What stores information in a cell?

a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. DNA

Answer 12

d. DNA

Question 13

Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 12-1 contains genetic material?

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

Answer 13

b. B

Question 14

Which of the following is true?

a. RNA is usually single-stranded
b. DNA is usually single stranded
c. DNA contains uracil
d. RNA contains thymine

Answer 14

a. RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 15

What did Avery conclude caused transformation?

a. DNA was the transforming factor
b. A protein was the transforming factor
c. A carbohydrate was the transforming factor
d. A lipid was the transforming factor

Answer 15

a. DNA was the transforming factor

Question 16

Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?

a. protein to DNA to RNA
b. RNA to DNA to protein
c. DNA to RNA to protein
d. RNA to protein to DNA

Answer 16

c. DNA to RNA to protein

Question 17

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
c. phosphate groups, guanine and cytosine
d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

Answer 17

c. phosphate groups, guanine and cytosine

Question 18

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens

a. before cell divison
b. in the nucleus
c. only to telomeres
d. around the histones

Answer 18

a. before cell divison

Question 19

In what way is DNA like a book?

a. DNA has information organized with an kind of index
b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on
c. DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover
d. DNA has information that is periodically updated

Answer 19

b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on

Question 20

RNA contains the sugar

a. ribose
b. deoxyribose
c. glucose
d. lactose

Answer 20

a. ribsose

Question 21

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?

a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid
b. Each codon specifies a different amino acid
c. Some amino acids have no link to a codon
d. Each amino acid is specified by only one codon

Answer 21

a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid

Question 22

What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?

a. Genetic information is stored
b. Genetic information is copied
c. Genetic information is lost
d. Genetic information is transmitted

Answer 22

c. Genetic information is lost

Question 23

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

a. tRNA
b. rRNA
c. DNA
d. proteins

Answer 23

d. proteins

Question 24

One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that a. a gene mutation affects the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation b. A gene mutation can involve a insertion or deletion, but cannot result in a framshift. c. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell d. A chromosomal mutation is more likely to be passed on to offspring or daughter cells.

Answer 24

c. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell

Question 25

Griffith called the process he observed transformation because a. the mouse has been transformed b. the harmful bacteria had been transformed c. the harmless bacteria had been transformed d. the experiment has been transformed

Answer 25

c. the harmless bacteria had been transformed

Question 26

What property of DNA does does bacterial transformation illustrate? a. Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function c. Bacterial DNA uses four nucleotides bases that work in pairs d. Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome

Answer 26

b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function

Question 27

Figure 12-2 shows the structure of a. a DNA molcule b. an amino acid c. a RNA molecule d. a protein

Answer 27

a. a DNA molecule

Question 28

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation? a. inversion b. insertion c. point mutation d. substitution

Answer 28

a. inversion

Question 29

According to Figure 13-2, what codons specify the amino acid glycine?

Answer 29

GGG GGA GGC GGU

Question 30

Describe the functions of the three kinds of RNA illustrated in Figure 13-8

Answer 30

mRNA brings the message to be read tRNA brings the amino acids and reads the message rRNA tells the stop and start

Question 31

In which experiments in Figure 12-11 do the mice live?

Answer 31

2,3

Question 32

What would if Griffith took some of the bacteria from Experiment 4 in Figure 12-11, grew them on culture plates, killed them with heat and mixed them with harmless bacteria? How could he test this hypothesis?

Answer 32

The DNA would still be passed to the harmless bacteria and he could test this by injecting it into the mice to see if they live.

Question 33

What happened to the bacteria and the mice in experiment 4, in figure 12-11?

Answer 33

The bacteria passed their harmful DNA, then it was passed to the mice which killed the mice in the end.