Ch 12 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What was the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) and when was it enacted?
The Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) was enacted in 1908 and applied to youth aged 7-16, establishing a separate court system for youth.
What are some criticisms of the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA)?
- Services not always available
- Rights not always ensured (e.g., right to counsel)
- Broad definition of delinquency included acts that were not illegal for adults.
What did the Young Offenders Act (YOA) recognize?
The Young Offenders Act (YOA), which replaced the JDA in 1984, recognized developmental differences for youths and that youth are held accountable but not to the full extent as adults.
What are the minimum age requirements under the Young Offenders Act (YOA)?
The minimum age to be charged with a criminal offence is 12 years.
What are the three main objectives of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)?
- To prevent youth crime
- Provide meaningful consequences and encourage responsibility
- Improve rehabilitation and reintegration into the community.
True or False: The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) allows for transfers to adult court.
False. Transfers to adult court were removed under the YCJA.
What is the significance of the age range 14-17 years under the YCJA regarding naming youth?
The name of youth can only be reported to the public under special circumstances if they are 14-17 years old and convicted of serious, violent offences.
What has been the trend in youth crime rates according to the assessment?
The total number of crimes by youth has been decreasing.
What are some common types of disruptive/behavioral disorders in youth?
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
- Conduct Disorder (CD)
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
What is the prevalence rate for Conduct Disorder (CD) in youth?
The worldwide prevalence rate for Conduct Disorder (CD) is 2.1%.
Fill in the blank: The most common sentence for youth offenders is _______.
Probation.
What are the two types of problems assessed in youth under age 12?
- Internalizing problems (e.g., depression)
- Externalizing problems (e.g., delinquency).
What does a court-ordered assessment for adolescents determine?
It determines the level of risk for reoffending and danger to others.
What are the two trajectories of young offenders?
- Child-onset, life-course persistent
- Adolescent-onset, adolescent-limited.
What biological factors are associated with antisocial behavior?
- Frontal lobe functioning
- Slower heart rates
- Genetic link/heritability.
What cognitive deficits are related to antisocial behavior?
- Limited problem-solving skills
- Reactive aggression
- Proactive aggression.
What does social learning theory suggest about aggression?
Social learning theory suggests that individuals learn behaviors by watching others in their social environment.
List some individual risk factors for youth engaging in antisocial behavior.
- Genetic/biological factors
- Child’s impulsiveness
- Premature birth
- Child’s temperament.
What are some protective factors that may reduce negative outcomes in youth?
- Resilient temperaments
- Exceptional social skills
- Motivation to change.
What are the three types of interventions in youth violence prevention?
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary.
What is the focus of primary intervention strategies?
Primary intervention strategies aim to identify at-risk children and decrease the likelihood that violence will occur.
What does tertiary intervention target?
Tertiary intervention targets youth who have engaged in delinquency or have already processed through the court system.
