Ch 12 Abnormal Psych

Question 1

abnormal

Answer 1

behaviors that are at odds with social expectations and results in distress or discomfort

Question 2

the 5 D’s

Answer 2

danger, deviance, dysfunctional, distress, duration

Question 3

diathesis

Answer 3

• vulnerability or predisposition
• can be derived from biological, psychological, or sociocultural factors

Question 4

Philippe Pinel

Answer 4

French physician who called for a better treatment of people with psychological disorders

Question 5

insanity

Answer 5

NOT a psych term but a legal term; inability to tell right from wrong and have control over one’s actions

Question 6

neurotic

Answer 6

behavior marked by distress and difficulty in emotional regulation

Question 7

psychotic (aka psychosis)

Answer 7

• marked by impaired contact with reality and deterioration of adaptive functioning
• can occur in people with bipolar and schizophrenia

Question 8

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 8

marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not connected to any specific threat; “free floating anxiety”

Question 9

panic disorder

Answer 9

recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Question 10

phobic disorder

Answer 10

persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

Question 11

agoraphobia

Answer 11

• fear of being in a situation where escape is difficult
• “agora” Greek for market
• fear of the marketplace

Question 12

social phobia

Answer 12

fear and avoidance of social situations

Question 13

specific phobia

Answer 13

fear of a specific thing or situation

Question 14

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 14

• 1/20 people affected
• uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts; obsessions and urges to engage in senseless compulsions

Question 15

obsessions

Answer 15

overwhelming and persistent anxious thoughts of or feelings of things

Question 16

compulsions

Answer 16

• washing hands, checking things, rituals, etc.
• actions done to relieve anxiety

Question 17

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 17

• periodic outbursts of anxiety, panic, or depression provoked by reminders of a traumatic experience
• best treatment is EMDR

Question 18

somatoform disorders

Answer 18

class of disorders involving physical ailments with no organic basis

Question 19

hypochondriasis

Answer 19

• involves excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses
• new DSM5 name is “illness anxiety disorder”

Question 20

conversion disorder

Answer 20

• involves a significant loss of physical function with no organic basis
• a defense mechanism for the mind
• formerly called hysteria (by Freud) and psychosomatic disorder
• more likely in women than men

Question 21

dissociative disorders

Answer 21

• class of disorders where people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory
• causes are not biological or genetic but rather stressors or life experiences
• defense mechanisms for the mind

Question 22

dissociative amnesia

Answer 22

• sudden loss of memory due to psychologically traumatic events
• formerly called psychogenic amnesia

Question 23

dissociative fugue

Answer 23

• condition of amnesia that involves an unexplained change of location
• formerly psychogenic fugue

Question 24

dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality)

Answer 24

• person alternates between 2 or more distinct personalities
• original personality does not have control or awareness of the other personalities
• cause is usually SEVERE childhood trauma
• very rare

Question 25

personality disorders

Answer 25

a maladaptive, inflexible way of dealing with the environment and other people

Question 26

paranoid personality disorder

Answer 26

person who exhibits extreme suspiciousness, envy, and mistrust of people

Question 27

schizoid personality disorder

Answer 27

inability to form interpersonal relationships; a loner

Question 28

histrionic personality disorder

Answer 28

person who is overwhelmingly dramatic, takes every emotion to an extreme

Question 29

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 29

exaggeration of one's importance, great need for constant attention

Question 30

antisocial personality disorder (socio/psychopaths)

Answer 30

exceptional lack of regard for others, often accompanied by criminal behaviors, likely to be violent, and underdeveloped amygdala is seen as an underlying cause

Question 31

avoidant personality disorder

Answer 31

unwilling to enter into relationships out of fear of being rejected

Question 32

dependent personality disorder

Answer 32

poor self image and lack of self esteem, looking to be with a dominant personality

Question 33

mood disorders

Answer 33

- class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances that may disrupt physical, perceptual, social and thought processes - women twice as likely to be diagnosed - genetic link - typical onset in early 20s

Question 34

major depression

Answer 34

- condition in which a person takes little pleasure in life and experience feelings of worthlessness, powerlessness, and guilt - flu of mood disorders - eating, sleeping problems - lack of concentration - thoughts of suicide and worthlessness - suicidal tendencies most likely when they are at their HIGHEST level of functioning

Question 35

dysthmia

Answer 35

- mild case of depression - two years or more in adults, one year in children - common cold of mood disorders - now called Persistent Depressive Disorder

Question 36

bipolar disorder (manic depressive)

Answer 36

- alternate between depression and mania - massive mood swings from very low (depression) to very high (mania) with little time spent in a normal state mood - suicidal tendencies

Question 37

mania

Answer 37

- condition marked by constant, driven activity and a lack of inhibitions - hyperactive, can't sit still, little need for sleep, inappropriate behavior, rapid speech, psychosis can also occur

Question 38

seasonal affective disorder

Answer 38

- condition in which the person becomes depressed every winter - associated with amount of sunlight per day - more likely in women

Question 39

schizophrenia

Answer 39

- group of disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes - about 1% worldwide - suffers a break from reality - more common and severe in men - estrogen and progesterone play a protective role for women

Question 40

delusions

Answer 40

an unshakeable belief about oneself that is untrue; irrational and defies normal reasoning

Question 41

hallucinations

Answer 41

visual or auditory stimuli that are either seen or heard that do NOT exist; usually auditory