Ch. 12: Approaches to Winemaking

Question 1

Conventional winemaking

Answer 1

Conventional winemaking uses a variety of interventions in order to create consistent, reliable wines with no faults. The main practices include temperature control for things like cold soaking, controlling fermenting temperatures to influence the style of wine, use of additives to influence the desired wine style (sugar for higher alcohol, SO2 to prevent spoilage, fining agents to clarify the wine), and manipulation from simple pressing to reverse osmosis.

The interventions conventional winemakers choose depend on a variety of factors, including the style and price point of the wine, condition of the grapes, and philosophy of the winemaker.

For example, some winemakers will choose not to filter dry wine, as it is thought to reduce aromas and textures.

Question 2

Organic winemaking

Answer 2

Must use certified organic grapes and restricted interventions depending on the regulations from the certifying body.

Use of SO2 varies from country to country, with Europe allowing its use, and the U.S. prohibiting it for the most part.

Certified organic status is determined at a country level, or can be issued by associations. Certification can add cost to organic wines. Whether consumers are willing to pay the extra cost depends on the market. However, it is is sold at every price point.

Question 3

Biodynamic Winemaking

Answer 3

Must use certified biodynamically grown grapes and certain bidynamic processes in the winery. Demeter International is the main certifying organization, and creates specific guidelines for each country. For example, natural yeasts are encouraged, but commercial yeasts can be used. In the U.S., natural yeasts must be used, but exceptions can be made on a case-by-case basis.

Many products are not permitted, such as tannins and certain fining agents.

Certification adds a cost to the final wine. Biodynamic wines are usually mid-priced or above due to extra costs and small scale production.

Question 4

Natural Winemaking

Answer 4

Winemaking that avoids modern interventions in favor of historical artisanal practices.

The wines are typically small batch and mid to premium priced.