Ch. 12 CNS Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
A
Corpus collosum
2
Q
Where is the arbor vitae located?
A
Cerebellum
3
Q
Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness?
A
Cerebrum
4
Q
Name cranial nerve I.
A
Olfactory nerve
5
Q
Which of the following areas takes visual information from one side of the body and conveys it to the opposite side?
A) Optic chiasm
B) Optic nerve
C) Olfactory bulbs
D) Optic tract
A
Optic chiasm
6
Q
What ventricles are found under the corpus callosum?
A
Lateral ventricles
7
Q
Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles?
A
Cerebral aqueduct
8
Q
Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles.
A
Central canal
9
Q
True or false, cerebrospinal fluid is produced within the ventricles.
A
True
10
Q
True or false, the ventricles are all interconnected.
A
True
11
Q
Which ventricles are divided by the septum pellucidum?
A
Lateral ventricles
12
Q
What type of tissue makes up the cerebral cortex?
A
Gray matter
13
Q
What is the function of white matter?
A
Transmits messages
14
Q
True or false, the composition of gray matter includes neuron cell bodies.
A
True
15
Q
How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon?
A
3; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Epithalamus
16
Q
Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?
A
Hypothalamus
17
Q
Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?
A
Thalamus
18
Q
Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?
A
Epithalamus
19
Q
True or false, the pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
A
False; the Pineal gland secretes melatonin
20
Q
True or false, the diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum.
A
True
21
Q
How many regions make up the brain stem?
A
3; Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla
22
Q
Which area of the brain stem is in contact with the spinal cord?
A
Medulla oblongata
23
Q
Which region contains the corpora quadrigemina?
A
Midbrain
24
Q
Which ventricle is located within the brain stem?
A
Fourth ventricle
25
During meningitis, which layer is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain?
Pia matter
26
The prefix meaning "body".
Somato-
27
The prefix meaning "head".
Cephal-
28
The prefix meaning "spider".
Arachn-
29
The prefix meaning "brain".
Cerebr-
30
The _______ division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscle.
Somatic Motor
31
The meningeal layer resembling spider legs is the ________.
Arachnoid Mater
32
Evolutionary development of a head and brain containing neural and sensory organs is a process called _______.
Cephalization
33
Your patient's CT scan demonstrates a cerebral vascular accident causing damage to the inferior and posterior portions of her left cerebral hemisphere. Your patient is right-handed. What deficits should you expect?
Difficulty with movement on the right side of her body and difficulty with speech
34
What is true of both poliomyelitis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
Both conditions are caused by destruction of the ventral horn neurons in the spinal cord.
35
Basal nuclei function
Important in starting, stopping, and monitoring the intensity of movements executed by the cortex
36
Gyrus definition
Elevated ridge of tissue
37
The gustatory cortex is involved in ?
The perception of taste stimuli
38
Aqueductal stenosis would prevent the flow of cerebrospinal fluid between ?
The third ventricle and the fourth ventricle
39
Sulcus defintion
A shallow groove
40
Cerebral cortex function
The "executive suite" of the nervous system where our conscious mind is found
41
? is a division of labor in which each cerebral hemisphere has unique abilities not completely shared by its partner.
Lateralization
42
Which landmark separates the cerebral hemispheres?
The longitudinal fissure
43
POSTcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe function
Sensory functions
44
Which cortical region is involved with intellect, complex learning abilities (called cognition), recall, and personality?
Anterior association area
45
PREcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe function
Motor functions
46
Gray matter definition
Neural cell bodies
47
The adult brain is divided into 4 parts:
Cerebral hemispheres, Diencephalon, Brain stem, and Cerebellum
48
Lateral ventricles are separated by ?
Septum Pellucidum
49
Gyri means ?
Ridges
50
Sulci means ?
Shallow grooves
51
Fissures means ?
Deep grooves
52
What formation separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
53
What formation separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
Transverse cerebral fissure
54
What structure is the "executive suite" of the brain?
Cerebral cortex
55
Which area of the brain has an outer layer of gray matter?
A) Cerebellum and cerebrum
B) Brainstem and cerebrum
C) Brainstem and cerebellum
D) Diencephalon and cerebrum
Cerebellum and cerebrum
56
The anterior most area of the cerebrum is associated with which distinctive function?
A) Applying intellect and cognition
B) Perception of the visual stimulus
C) Conscious control of skeletal muscle
D) Understanding written and spoken language
Applying intellect and cognition are among the complex functions generated within the anterior association area, also called the prefrontal cortex
57
What part of the diencephalon is the gateway to the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
58
Which brain structure relays information to the cerebral cortex?
A) Thalamus
B) Epithalamus
C) Hypothalamus
D) Pituitary gland
Thalamus
59
What part of the brain calculates appropriate force and direction of intended muscle movements?
The cerebellum determines coordinated movement based upon body position and momentum
60
Motor outputs for autonomic functions are found in the ?
Brainstem
61
Control centers that initiate responses to emotional stimuli are found in the ?
Hypothalamus
62
What is the order of structures of the common flow of CSF from formation to reabsorption to cardiovascular circulation?
1) Choroid plexus
2) Cerebral aqueduct
3) Median aperture
4) Subarachnoid space
5) Superior sagittal sinus
63
Which condition is most specifically associated with functional defects arising within the basal nuclei?
A) Parkinson's
B) CVA's
C) Alzheimer's
D) Concussion
Parkinson's results from degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons within the basal nuclei
64
Which structure is formed by the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal?
A) Cauda equina
B) Conus medularis
C) Filum terminale
D) Lumbar enlargement
The cauda equina hang below the conus medularis
65
Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic regions of a cerebral hemisphere?
A) Basal Nuclei
B) Diencephalon
C) Gray Matter
D) White Matter
Diencephalon
66
Large neurons, called ? in the precentral gyrus allow us to consciously control the precise or skilled voluntary movements of our skeletal muscles.
Pyramidal cells
67
The ____ ____ cortex allows us to give meaning to the information that we receive, store it in memory if needed, tie it to previous experience and knowledge, and decide what action to take.
Multimodal association
68
_______ is a division of labor in which each cerebral hemisphere has unique abilities NOT shared by its partner.
Lateralization
69
_______ is responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers.
The cerebral white matter
70
Which of the following regulates body temperature, food intake, and endocrine functions?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Epithalamus
D) Pineal body
Hypothalamus
71
Which of the following regions acts as an autonomic reflex center of the brain?
A) Cerebellum
B) Midbrain
C) Pons
D) Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
72
Which of the following conditions results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons?
A) Poliomyelitis
B) Paraplegia
C) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
D) Meningitis
Poliomyelitis
73
True or flase, cerebral palsy may be caused by a temporary lack of oxygen during birth?
True
74
In _____, the cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop
Anencephaly
75
____ ____ is a result of incomplete formation of the vertebral arches and can be caused by inadequate amounts of the B vitamin folic acid in the maternal diet.
Spina bifida
76
If the transection occurs between ? and ?, both lower limbs are affected, resulting in paraplegia.
T1 and L1
77
The primary motor cortex, Broca's area, and the premotor cortex are located in which lobe?
Frontal lobe
78
The innermost layer of meninges, delicate and adjacent to brain tissue, is the ?
Pia mater
79
CSF is formed by ?
A) Arachnoid granulations
B) Dura mater
C) Choroid plexuses
D) All of these
All of them
80
Destruction of the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord results in a loss of ?
Voluntary motor impulses
81
Fiber tracts that allow neurons within the same cerebral hemisphere to communicate are ?
Association fibers
82
What is the function of basal nuclei?
Coordinate and control motor activity
83
Which basal nuclei form the striatum?
The striatum is formed by the caudate nucleus and the putamen.
84
What is the function of the Reticular Activating System?
Helps to keep the cerebral cortex alert while filtering out unimportant inputs.
85
What constitutes the blood brain barrier?
Endothelial cells joined by particularly tight junctions
86
What are the 5 lobes of the Cerebrum?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, and Insula
87
What are Pyramidal cells?
Large neurons that allow conscious control of precise, skilled movement
88
What does the PREmotor cortex do?
Helps plan movement, learns repetitious motor activities, and coordinates simultaneous actions
89
What is another name for the Anterior association area?
Prefrontal cortex
90
What does the prefrontal cortex do?
Most complicated region involved with intellect and personality
91
Where is Wernicke's area located?
Posterior association area
92
What does the Limbic system do?
Make us consciously aware of emotional richness in our lives
93
What does the Reticular Formation do?
Regulate muscle tone and maintain consciousness and awaken from sleep
94
What is the Choroid Plexus?
A cluster of capillaries that hang from each cerebral ventricle
95
What is the reflex center involved in olfaction that lies posterior to the pituitary gland?
Mammillary body
96
What is the site of regulation of water balance and body temperature?
Hypothalamus
97
What forms the cerebral spinal fluid?
Choroid Plexus
98
What contains reflex centers involved in regulating respiratory rhythm in conjunction with lower brainstem centers?
Pons
99
What connects the third and fourth ventricles?
Cerebral aqueduct
100
What contains autonomic centers that regulate blood pressure as well as coughing and sneezing centers?
Medulla oblongata
101
The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral hemisphere is found in the ? gyrus.
Postcentral
102
The primary motor area in the ? lobe is involved in voluntary movement.
Frontal
103
The specialized motor speech area is located at the base of the precentral gyrus is called ?
Broca's area
104
The primary motor cortex is located in the ? gyrus.
Precentral
