Ch. 12 Emotions

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and, most importantly, conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations

Question 2

James-Lange theory

Answer 2

theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 3

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Question 4

two-factor theory

Answer 4

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Question 5

polygraph

Answer 5

a machine used in attempts to detect lies; measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing

Question 6

facial feedback effect

Answer 6

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings, such as fear, anger, or happiness

Question 7

behavior feedback effect

Answer 7

tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 8

catharsis

Answer 8

in psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy through action or energy, relieves aggressive urges

Question 9

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 9

people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 10

positive psychology

Answer 10

scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 11

subjective well-being

Answer 11

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life

Question 12

adaption-level phenomenon

Answer 12

our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 13

relative deprivation

Answer 13

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

Question 14

stress

Answer 14

the process by which perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening and challenging

Question 15

approach and avoidance motives

Answer 15

the drive to move toward or away from a stimulus

Question 16

general adaption syndrome (GAS)

Answer 16

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhu

Question 17

general adaption syndrome (GAS)

Answer 17

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 18

tend-and-befriend response

Answer 18

under stress, people often provide support to other and bond with and seek support from others

Question 19

health psychology

Answer 19

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 20

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 20

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health

Question 21

coronary heart disease

Answer 21

clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developing countries

Question 22

Type A

Answer 22

Freidman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 23

Type B

Answer 23

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 24

coping

Answer 24

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

Question 25

problem-focused coping

Answer 25

attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Question 26

emotion-focused coping

Answer 26

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

Question 27

personal control

Answer 27

our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 28

learned helplessness

Answer 28

the hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 29

external locus of control

Answer 29

the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 30

internal locus of control

Answer 30

the perception that we control our own fate

Question 31

self-control

Answer 31

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

Question 32

aerobic exercise

Answer 32

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 33

mindfulness meditation

Answer 33

reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner