CH 12 Gene transcription and RNA modification Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is a gene at the molecular level?
A segment of DNA used to make a functional product, either an RNA or a polypeptide.
What is transcription?
The first step in gene expression.
What do structural genes encode?
The amino acids of a polypeptide.
What is mRNA’s role in gene expression?
It determines the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide.
What is gene expression?
The process by which information within a gene is used to produce a functional product.
Which strand is transcribed during gene expression?
The template strand.
What is the coding strand also known as?
The sense strand.
What replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil.
What recognizes promoters in transcription?
Transcription factors.
What are the three stages of transcription?
Initiation, Elongation, Termination.
What type of RNA is produced by over 90% of all genes?
mRNA.
What are microRNAs responsible for?
What are microRNAs responsible for?
What are promoters?
DNA sequences that promote gene expression.
Where are promoters usually located?
Just upstream of the transcription start site.
What is the -10 sequence in bacterial promoters sometimes called?
The Pribnow box.
What enzyme catalyzes RNA synthesis?
RNA polymerase.
How many subunits does the core enzyme of RNA polymerase in E. coli have?
Five subunits.
What forms when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter?
The closed complex.
