Ch. 12 Terminology 1+1=3 or more Flashcards
(222 cards)
1
Q
reproductive system
A
responsible for producing offspring
2
Q
theriogenology
A
used to describe
animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts
3
Q
Theri/o, gen/o, -logy
A
beast, producing, study
4
Q
genitals, genitalia
A
reproductive organs, whether male or female
5
Q
genit/o
A
organs of reproduction
6
Q
gonads
A
Sex glands
7
Q
orch/o , orchi/o , orchid/o , test/o , and testicul/o
A
testes
8
Q
seminiferous tubules
A
testicle is divided into compartments that contain coiled tubes called
9
Q
interstitial
A
cells between the spaces are called
10
Q
Leydig’s cells
A
interstitial cells of the testes are called
11
Q
Sertoli cells
A
specialized cells in the testes that support and nourish sperm growth
12
Q
Sperm or spermatozoa
A
male gametes, or sex cells
13
Q
Spermatozoon
A
is one gamete
14
Q
sperm/o and spermat/o
A
combining forms for spermatozoa
15
Q
acrosome
A
top of the head is a structure which contains enzymes that allow the spermatozoon to penetrate the ovum
16
Q
Spermatogenesis
A
production of male gametes
17
Q
scrotum or scrotal sac
A
external pouch that encloses and supports the testes
18
Q
scrot/o
A
scrotum
19
Q
perineum
A
area between the scrotum and the anus in
males is the
20
Q
Perine/o
A
combining form for the area between the scrotum
(or vulva in females) and anus
21
Q
epididymis
A
the tube at the upper part of each testis that
secretes part of the semen, stores semen before ejaculation, and provides a passageway for sperm
22
Q
testes or testicles
A
male sex glands that produce spermatozoa
23
Q
testis
A
a single gland
24
Q
motile
A
capable of spontaneous motion
25
epididym/o
combining form for epididymis
26
ductus deferens
a tube connected to the epididymis that carries
sperm into the pelvic region toward the urethra
27
ampulla
ductus deferens in swine has a glandular portion called
28
seminal vesicles or vesicular glands
two glands that open into the ductus deferens where it joins the urethra
29
Semen
ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and the secretions of the accessory sex glands
30
Semin/i
semen
31
ejaculatory duct
formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles
32
prostate gland
single gland that surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on the species
33
prostat/o
prostate gland
34
bulbourethral glands
two glands located on either side of the urethra
35
Cowper’s glands
pea sized glands present inferior to the prostate gland in the male reproductive system
36
penis
male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body
37
prepuce
retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis
38
foreskin
prepuce is sometimes called
39
os penis
which is a bone encased in the penile tissue
40
pen/i and priap/o
penis
41
sigmoid flexure
an S-shaped bend in the penis
42
urethra
a tube passing through the penis to the outside of the body
43
urethr/o
urethra
44
ovaries
small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen
45
ova
eggs
46
graafian follicles
ovaries contain many small sacs called
47
ovari/o and oophor/o
female gonad
48
oo/o , ov/i , and ov/o
egg
49
oocyte
egg cell
50
uterine tubes
paired tubes that extend from the cranial portion of the uterus to the ovary (although they are not attached to the ovary)
51
oviducts and fallopian tubes
uterine tubes
52
infundibulum
distal end of each uterine tube is a funnel-shaped opening called
53
fimbriae
infundibulum contains fringed extensions called
54
Fertilization
egg and sperm union
55
uterus
a thick-walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females
56
hyster/o , metri/o , metri/o , and
uter/o
uterus.
57
cornus
horn
58
bicornuate
which means having two large, well-defined uterine horns
59
corpus
body, middle portion of the uterus
60
cervix
neck. The caudal portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina
61
Cervic/o
means neck
62
perimetrium
membranous outer layer of the uterus
63
Peri
prefix for surrounding
64
myometrium
muscular middle layer of the uterus
65
My/o
muscle
66
endometrium
inner layer of the uterus
67
Endo-
within
68
cervix
caudal continuation of the uterus and marks the cranial extent of the vagina
69
sphincters
cervix contains ring like smooth muscle called
70
cervic/o
means neck or necklike structure.
71
vagina
the muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body
72
colp/o and vagin/o
vagina
73
hymen
membranous fold of tissue may partially or
completely cover the external vaginal orifice. This fold is called
74
orifice
an entrance or outlet from a body cavity
75
vulva
also known as the female external genitalia
76
pudendum
external opening to the urogenital tract and consists of the vaginal orifice, vestibular glands, clitoris, hymen, and urethral orifice
77
vulv/o and episi/o
vulva
78
perineum
region between the vaginal orifice and anus in females
79
labia
fleshy borders or edges of the vulva and are occasionally called the lips
80
vaginal orifice
the entrance from the vagina to the outside of the body
81
vestibular glands (also known as
Bartholin’s glands in primates)
found in bovine, feline, and occasionally ovine species
82
clitoris
sensitive erectile tissue of females located in the ventral portion of the vulva
83
urethral orifice
found where the vagina and vulva join and is sometimes associated with a vestigial hymen
84
mammary glands
milk-producing glands
85
mammae
mammary glands
86
udder
the mammary gland is called
87
teat
nipple area is called
88
quarters
In cows, the four mammae are called
89
alveoli
milk-secreting sacs called
90
lactiferous duct
lobe drains toward the teat or papilla via a
91
Lact/i
milk
92
lactiferous sinus
composed of the gland cistern (within the gland) and the teat cistern (within the teat)
93
papillary duct
commonly called the streak canal
94
mamm/o and mast/o
mammary glands
95
estrous cycle (heat cycle)
occurs at the onset of puberty and continues throughout an animal’s life
96
ovulation
graafian follicle ruptures, a process
97
corpus luteum
yellow ruptured follicle is called
98
follicular phase
stage of the estrous cycle in which the graafian follicle is present is called
99
luteal phase
stage of the estrous cycle in which the corpus luteum is present is called
100
proestrus
period of the estrous cycle before sexual receptivity
101
pro-
before
102
estrus
period of the estrous cycle in which the female is receptive to the male
103
Ovulation
the animal is said to be in heat . This also is called
standing heat
104
metestrus
short period of the estrous cycle after sexual receptivity
105
corpus albicans
white body
106
diestrus
period of the estrous cycle after metestrus
107
anestrus
period of the estrous cycle when the animal is sexually quiet
108
monestrous
having one estrous or heat cycle per year
109
polyestrous
having more than one estrous or heat cycle per year
110
spontaneous ovulators
animals in which ovum release occurs cyclically
111
induced ovulators
animals in which the ovum is released only after copulation; also called reflex ovulators
112
seasonally
pertaining to a specific time of year
113
Copulation and coitus
two words used to describe sexual intercourse
114
tie
period of copulation between a male and female canine during which the two animals are locked together by penile erectile tissue
115
conception
beginning of a new individual resulting from fertilization
116
meiosis
the cell receives half the chromosomes from each parent is called
117
Implantation
the attachment and embedding of the zygote in
the uterus
118
embryo
developing zygote after implantation is called
119
fetus
unborn animal is called
120
copulat/o and coit/o
joining together
121
Intromission
insertion of the penis into the vagina
122
ejaculates
release semen during copulation
123
Fertilization
the union of ovum and sperm
124
placenta
female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients, also called afterbirth
125
umbilical cord
structure that forms where the fetus
communicates with the placenta
126
umbilicus
structure that forms on the abdominal wall where the umbilical cord was connected to the fetus
127
Umbilic/o
navel
128
amnion (amniotic sac or bag of waters)
innermost membrane enveloping the embryo in the uterus is called the
129
chorion
outermost layer of the placenta
130
cotyledon (buttons)
is the elevation of the ruminant placenta that is on the fetal surface and adheres to the maternal caruncle
131
caruncle
is the fleshy mass on the maternal ruminant placenta that attaches to the fetal cotyledon
132
placentome
together the caruncle and cotyledon form the
133
Pregnancy
is the condition of having a developing fetus in the uterus and is the time period between conception and parturition
134
gravid/o
pregnant
135
-para
suffix meaning to bear or bring forth.
136
nulligravida
one who has never been pregnant; nulli- means none
137
nullipara
female who has never borne a viable fetus
138
primigravida
female during first pregnancy; primi- means first
139
primipara
female who has borne one offspring
140
multigravida
one who has had multiple pregnancies
141
multiparous
female who has borne multiple offspring during the same gestation
142
litter
is a group of offspring born during the same labor
143
viviparous
bearing live young
144
oviparous
bearing eggs
145
ovovivparous
=producing eggs that are hatched within the body, so that young are born alive but without placental attachment such as snake
146
Cyesis, pregn/o
pregnancy
147
Gestation
the period of development of the fetus in the uterus from conception to parturition and is the
term more commonly used in reference to animals
148
gest/o and gestat/o
gestation
149
viable
capable of living outside the mother
150
parturition/ labor
act of giving birth is called
151
Part/o
giving birth
152
antepartum
period before the onset of labor
153
postpartum
the period immediately after labor
154
Presentation
orientation of the fetus before delivery
155
Transverse presentation
involves the fetus lying across the cervix, and normal parturition is not achieved
156
breech presentation
the tail of the fetus is presented first and delivery may or may not be obstructed
157
dilation
act of stretching
158
delivery
Expulsion of the fetus
159
neonate
newborn is called
160
meconium
first stool of a newborn that consists of material collected in the intestine of the fetus is called
161
uterine involution
uterus returning to normal size
162
colostrum
thick fluid that contains nutrients and antibodies needed by the neonate
163
Lactation
process of forming and secreting milk
164
amniocentesis
surgical puncture with a needle through the abdominal and uterine walls to obtain amniotic fluid to evaluate the fetus
165
radiography
procedure in which film is exposed as ionizing radiation passes through the patient and shows the internal body structures in profile
166
ultrasound
diagnostic test using high-frequency waves to evaluate internal structures
167
abortion
termination of pregnancy. The combining form abort/o means premature expulsion of a nonviable fetus
168
azoospermia
absence of sperm in the semen
169
benign prostatic hypertrophy
abnormal noncancerous enlargement of the prostate; also called prostatomegaly or enlarged prostate ; abbreviated BPH
170
cervicitis
inflammation of the neck of the uterus
171
cryptorchidism
developmental defect in which one or both testes
fail to descend into the scrotum
172
crypt/o
hidden
173
dystocia
difficult birth
174
– tocia
birth or labor
175
ectopic pregnancy
fertilized ovum implanted outside the uterus
176
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
177
fetal defects
abnormalities that occur in the development of the fetus
178
Teratogens
are substances that produce defects in the fetus
179
terat/o
malformed fetus
180
Mutagens
are substances that produce change or that create genetic abnormalities
181
fibroid
benign tumor arising from the smooth muscle of the uterus
182
hermaphroditism
condition of having both ovarian and testicular tissue
183
Pseudohermaphroditism
is the condition of having gonads of one sex but the physical characteristics of both sexes
184
mastitis
inflammation of the mammary gland
185
metritis
inflammation of the uterus
186
oligospermia
deficient amount of sperm in semen
187
oligo-
prefix for scant or few
188
orchitis
inflammation of the gonads of the male; also called testitis
189
ovarian cyst
collection of fluid or solid material in the female gonad
190
sterility
inability to reproduce
191
supernumerary
more than the normal number
192
transmissible venereal tumor
naturally occurring, sexually transmitted tumor of dogs that affects the external genitalia and other
mucous membranes; abbreviated TVT
193
uterine prolapse
protrusion of the uterus through the vaginal
orifice, commonly called cast her withers
194
vaginal prolapse
protrusion of the vagina through the vaginal wall or
vaginal orifice
195
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
196
paraphimosis
retraction of the skin of the prepuce causing a painful swelling of the glans penis that prevents the penis from being retracted
197
phim/o
means muzzling or constriction of an orifice
198
phimosis
narrowing of the skin of the prepuce so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis
199
pneumovagina
conformational defect in the perineum of cows and mares that allows air to enter the vagina; also called windsuckers
200
priapism
persistent penile erection not associated with sexual excitement
201
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
202
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy; also called pseudopregnancy
203
pyometra
pus in the uterus
204
retained placenta
non-passage of the placenta after delivery of the fetus
205
scrotal hydrocele
hernia of fluid in the testes or along the spermatic cord
206
Hydro- , -cele
water, hernia
207
assisted delivery
manual use of hands or equipment to aid in delivery of a fetus
208
cesarean section
delivery of offspring through an incision in the
maternal abdominal and uterine walls; also called
a C-section
209
electroejaculation
method of collecting semen for artificial insemination or examination in which electrical stimulation is applied to the nerves to promote ejaculation
210
electroejaculator
a probe and power source used to apply current to
the nerves that promote ejaculation
211
episiotomy
surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to facilitate delivery of the fetus and to prevent damage to maternal structures
212
fetotomy
cutting apart of a fetus to enable removal from the uterus; also called embryotomy
213
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
214
mastectomy
surgical removal of the mammary gland or breast
215
neuter
to sexually alter
216
oophorectomy
surgical removal of the ovary
217
orchidectomy
surgical removal of the testis
218
orchectomy orchiectomy
castration
219
ovariohysterectomy
surgical removal of the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus; also called a spay
220
vasectomy
sterilization of a male in which a portion of the ductus deferens is surgically removed
221
Libido
sexual desire
222
vas/o
vas deferens
