Ch. 12 Test

Question 1

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 1

Thomson

Question 2

Dalton’s theory

Answer 2

• everything is made of atoms
• atoms are indivisible
• atoms cannot be destroyed
• ex: billiard ball

Question 3

Thomson’s theory

Answer 3

• chocolate chip cookie

- atoms are a positively charged substance with negatively charged particles scattered about

Question 4

Rutherford’s theory

Answer 4

• cherry with a pit

- atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus

Question 5

Bohr’s theory

Answer 5

• solar system

- electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus

Question 6

Current theory

Answer 6

• cotton

- electrons don’t move in orbits but at high speeds and form an electron cloud

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

• the ID of the element

- tells you how many protons are in the element

Question 8

Mass number

Answer 8

• the total amount of protons and neutrons in the element
• find the number of neutrons in the atoms most common isotope by rounding the mass number and subtracting the protons’ amounts

Question 9

Atomic mass

Answer 9

The weighted average mass of all isotopes of the element

Question 10

Isotope

Answer 10

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons; like different ‘flavors’ of an element

Question 11

The majority of the mass of an atom comes from which subatomic particle(s)

Answer 11

Neutrons + Protons

Question 12

Which subatomic particles move around the nucleus?

Answer 12

Electrons

Question 13

Which subatomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?

Answer 13

Neutron

Question 14

What are the columns on the periodic table called

Answer 14

Groups

Question 15

What are the rows on the periodic table called

Answer 15

Periods

Question 16

Which groups on the periodic table are most reactive?

Answer 16

1 & 17

Question 17

How many periods on the periodic table

Answer 17

7

Question 18

Properties of metals

Answer 18

• can be hammered out (malleable)
• shiny
• reflective
• ductile (can be drawn into wire)
• good conductors of heat/electricity
• reactive

Question 19

Alkali metals (the hippies)

Answer 19

• very reactive bc they give away valence electrons (they only have 1)
• relatively soft
• shiny

Question 20

Alkaline earth metals (the hippies)

Answer 20

• soft
• have relatively low densities, melting points, and boiling points
• very reactive

Question 21

Transition metals (the wizards)

Answer 21

• high boiling points
• strong, good conductors
• sold/used a lot in industries

Question 22

Post transition metals (the poor)

Answer 22

• soft metals
• poor mechanical strength
• lower melting/boiling points than transition metals
• higher electronegative

Question 23

Properties of nonmetals

Answer 23

• can be solid, liquid, or gas
• basically opposite of metals
• dull, non-reflective, brittle, not malleable or ductile, poor conductors of everything
• some are nonreactive

Question 24

Halogens

Answer 24

• groups 16+17 next to noble gases

- really close to having a full shell so they really want to combine

Question 25

Which group of elements is nonreactive

Answer 25

Noble gases

Question 26

Noble gases

Answer 26

- group 18 - full valence shell - unreactive

Question 27

Metalloids

Answer 27

- has properties of both metals and nonmetals - some shiny, some dull - most are brittle, not ductile or malleable - semiconductors - poor conductors of heat

Question 28

Elements definition

Answer 28

A pure form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances