Ch. 13-14 Vocab 1

Question 1

dorsal roots

Answer 1

• contains axons of sensory neurons
• axons entering the posterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 2

ventral roots

Answer 2

• contains axons of motor neurons
• axons emerging from the anterior or lateral horns of the spinal cord

Question 3

cauda equina

Answer 3

• nerve roots extending below conus medullaris
• bundle of spinal nerve roots that descend from the lower spinal cord below the first lumbar vertebra and lie within the vertebral cavity
• has the apperance of a horse’s tail

Question 4

meninges

Answer 4

• protective outer coverings of the CNS composed of connective tissue

Question 5

meningitis

Answer 5

• an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
• bacterial or viral infection of the CSF usually causes the swelling

Question 6

dura mater

Answer 6

• tough, fibrous, outer layer of the meninges, that is attached to the surface of the cranium and vertevral column and surrounds the entire CNS

Question 7

arachnoid mater

Answer 7

• middle layer of the meninges named for the spider-web-like trabeculae that extend between it and the pia mater

Question 8

pia mater

Answer 8

• thin, innermost membrane of the meninges that diretly covers the surface of the CNS

Question 9

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

• circulatory medium within the CNS that is produced by ependymal cells in the choroid plexus filtering the blood

Question 10

central canal

Answer 10

• hollow space within the spinal cord that is the remnant of the center of the neural tube

Question 11

epineurium

Answer 11

• outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire nerve

Question 12

perineurium

Answer 12

• layer of connective tissue surrounding fascicles within a nerve

Question 13

endoneurium

Answer 13

• innermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a nerve

Question 14

reflex

Answer 14

• involuntary or instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus
• response to a stimulus that does not receive or need conscious thought as it occurs through a reflex arc

Question 15

cerebrum

Answer 15

• region of the adult brain that develops from the telencephalon and is responsible for higher neurological functions such as memory, emotion, and consciousness

Question 16

cerebral hemispheres

Answer 16

• one-half of the bilaterally symmetrical cerebrum

Question 17

gyri

Answer 17

• ridges formed by convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum or cerebellum

Question 18

sulci

Answer 18

• grooves formed by convolutions in the surface of the cerebral cortex

Question 19

fissures

Answer 19

• a cleft or groove
• feature of cerebral cortex
• deep fold that involves the entire thickness of the brain wall
• break or slit in tissue usually at the junction of skin and mucous membrane

Question 20

cerebellum

Answer 20

• region of the adult brain connected primarily to the pons that developed from the metencephalon (along with the pons) and is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord