Ch. 13 Flashcards
(54 cards)
Transient Microbiota
temporary visitor, eventually gets kicked out by immune system/microbial antagonism
Resident microbiota
Lives with host-normally found on/within body
How do infants initially acquire their microbiota?
vaginal canal during birth
body creates more glycogen in vaginal canal to feed GI microbes
Compare a C-section birth to a vaginal birth in regards to microbiota development
C-section births skip the vaginal canal’s microbes, therefore they do not develop the same microbiota
Vaginal births do not skip the microbes in the mother’s birth canal, therefore they develop a microbiota that will thrive off the glycogen
Explain the differences between breast-fed and formula fed infants
Breast milk: bifidobacteria: a sugar that nourishes microbes in GI tract of baby- fermentation of bifidobacteria lowers pH
(Human Milk Oligosaccharides)
formula lacks bifidobacteria- different microbiota
What organisms are common on the skin?
Corynebacterim
Propionibacterium
Staphylococcus
What bacteria are common in the oral cavity?
Streptococcus
Neisseria
What microbes are common in the large intestine and rectum?
Bacteriodes
Bifidobacterium
Clostridium
Coli forms
What microbes are common in the genital tract?
Lactobacillus
Escherichia
What microbe is common in the urinary tract?
lactobacillus
Is the distribution of bacteria evenly distributed across the skin?
No- moisture differences, resident vs. transient microbes
List 3 mechanisms that normal microbiota use to resist pathogens?
Microbial Antagonism
Biofilms
Ammensalism
Food consumption
List 3 mechanisms that normal microbiota use to resist pathogens?
Microbial Antagonism
Ammensalism
Food competition
What are three factors that contribute to changes in the microbiome during puberty
- After puberty, females produce more estrogen and have a lower pH due to glycogen deposition in the vagina- lactobacilli thrive and produce an acidic environment
3.
How does the human microbiome contribute to maintaining homeostasis?
Dysbiosis
any change in the microbiota that contributes to disease or illness
provide two examples of dysbiosis related to antimicrobial therapy
Where would acidophilic microbes thrive on a host?
Vaginal canal, stomach
Where would anaerobic microbes thrive in a host?
not GI tract or respiratory tract: areas without much oxygen
Where would microbes that ferment lactic acid thrive on a host?
skeletal muscle and red blood cells
Where would halophilic microbes thrive on a host?
Skin
Tears
Urine
Are microbial relationships fixed? (stay the same)
Pathogen
an organism capable of causing disease
True vs. Opportunistic pathogens
True Pathogens: capable of causing disease in healthy people with normal immune defenses
Opportunistic Pathogens: Require a weakness in the immune system/a barrier to cause disease
