ch 13 food equity

Question 1

food insecurity

food insecurity

Answer 1

unreliable access to a sufficient supply of nourishing food

Question 2

food insecurity

about 17.4 million U.S. households experienced

about 14%

Answer 2

food security in 2011

Question 3

food insecurity

about 6.8 million households experienced very low

Answer 3

food security

eating patterns were disrupted and food intake was reduced

Question 4

food insecurity

those at higher risk are households with

Answer 4

lower incomes

Question 5

food access

famine

Answer 5

a severe food shortage affecting a large percentage of the population in a limited geographical area

Question 6

food access

ex of famine that happened in china

Answer 6

20-43 million people died in the great famine from 1958-1961

Question 7

food access

overpopulation

Answer 7

can occur when resources are insufficient to support the number of people living there

• uneven distribution

Question 8

chronic hunger

local conditions can contribute to chronic hunger

Answer 8

• cash crops
• lack of infrastructure
• impact of disease

Question 9

local conditions can contribute to chronic hunger

cash crops

Answer 9

crops grown to be sold rather than eaten such as cotton or tobacco

Question 10

climate change threatens food security

global warming

Answer 10

general term used for the increase of about 1.5 F in temp that has occured on the earth’s surface over the past century

Question 11

climate change threatens food security: global warming

many scientists believe this is due to the

Answer 11

carbon dioxide produced by human activities

Question 12

climate change threatens food security: global warming

a 2015 study attributed 75% of _________ _________ and 18% of _______ _______ to global warming

Answer 12

heat extremes
precipitation extremes

Question 13

sustainability

sustainability

Answer 13

the ability to satisfy basic, economic, social, and security needs now and in the future without undermining the natural resource base and environmental quality on which life depends

Question 14

sustainability

sustainable practices on help

Answer 14

• reduce pollution of soil and water
• maintain or improve food diversity
• reduce the number of food deserts

Question 15

sustainability

food deserts

Answer 15

geographic areas where people lack access to afforable, nutritous food

Question 16

sustainability

food movement initiatives that aim to promote sustainability and food diversity include

Answer 16

• family farms
• community supported agriculture (CSA)
• farmers’ markets
• urban agriculture
• school gardens
• entrepreneurship investing in food startups
• corporate involvement

Question 17

industrial agriculture

green revolution

Answer 17

massive program that has improved the technology and practices in agriculture

Question 18

industral agriculture

high yield varieties (HYVs)

Answer 18

new forms of food products (like grains) that were produced by cross-breeding plants and selecting the most desirable traits

Question 19

food diversity

food diversity

Answer 19

the variety of difference species of food crops available

Question 20

food diversity

food diversity ex

Answer 20

in the 1960s the federal Agricultural Adjustment Act provided financial incentives for farmers to grow singles crops that were cultivated on a massive scale called monocultures

Question 21

food industry influences america’s diet

in 2015 lobbyists were recorded spending the following amounts to promote certain aspects of food production

Answer 21

• livestock: $2.9 million
• dairy: $7 million
• sugar: $10.3 million
• food manufactures: $18.3 million
• beer, wine, liquor: $25 million

Question 22

international initiatives

strive to increase access to nourishing foods

Answer 22

• WHO and UNICEF promote breastfeeding
• united nations world food programme
• USAID and peace corps agricultural edu programs

Question 23

national and local programs

many programs help to increase access to nourishing foods

Answer 23

• SNAP
• WIC
• national commodity food program
• CDC healthful corner store

Question 24

food ethics: food equity

fair trade

Answer 24

a trading partnership promoting equity in international trading relationships and contributing to sustainable development by securing the rights of marginalized producers and workers

Question 25

# food ethics: food equity--- fair trade born in response to the

Answer 25

exploitation of farm laborers around the world

Question 26

# food ethics: food equity-- fair trade depends on support from

Answer 26

consumers purchasing fair trade products

Question 27

# food equity Food equity

Answer 27

Sharing the world’s food and other resources fairly

Question 28

# food equity One in 7 people in the world is chronically

Answer 28

Undernourished, almost all of them developing nations

Question 29

# food equity The major cause of undernutrition is

Answer 29

Unequal distribution of food because of poverty

Question 30

choose foods that are healthful to you

Answer 30

* buy ORGANIC or REDUCE synthetic pesticide use * purchase local produce and support local economy * choose whole foods or less processed foods * avoid empty calorie food and beverages * when eating out ask for nutritional info

Question 31

# in depth: malnutrition approximately 51 million children do not weigh enough for their

Answer 31

height

Question 32

# in depth: malnutrition severe acute malnutrition (SAM)

Answer 32

condition in which energy intake is so inadequate that the child experiences a lower body weight than normal

Question 33

# in depth: malnutrition approximately 161 million children experience stunted growth which causes them to be

Answer 33

shorter than expected for their age

Question 34

# in depth: malnutrition SAM dramatically increases a population's rate of

Answer 34

* maternal mortality * infant mortality

Question 35

# in depth: malnutrition maternal mortality

Answer 35

deaths of a woman during * pregnancy * childbirth * or in the immediate postpartal period

Question 36

# in depth: malnutrition infant mortality

Answer 36

deaths of infants between birth and 1 year of age

Question 37

# in depth: malnutrition micronutrient deficiences can lead to preventable diseases

Answer 37

* iron deficiency anemia * prenatal iodine * vitamin A deficiency

Question 38

# micronutrient deficiencies that are preventable which deficiency is the most common deficiency WORLDWIDE

Answer 38

iron deficiency anemia

Question 39

# micronutrient deficiencies that are preventable which deficiency is fetal brain development

Answer 39

prenatal iodine

Question 40

# micronutrient deficiencies that are preventable which deficiency is the leading cause of blindness in children

Answer 40

vitamin A deficiency

Question 41

# 1. life stage and results of chronic undernutrition life stage: undernourished fetus

Answer 41

result: low birth weight leads to higher infant mortality rate

Question 42

# 2. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition the result of low birth weight leads to the life stage undernourished infant

Answer 42

result: * impaired physical and cognitive development * frequent infections

Question 43

# 3. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition result of impaired physical and cognitive development and frequent infections leads to the life stage of undernourished child

Answer 43

result: * stunted growth; wasting * poor motor development * behavioral problems * reduced mental capacity

Question 44

# 4. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition result of stunted growth, wasting, poor motor development, behavioral problems, reduced metal capacity leads to the life stage undernourished adolescent

Answer 44

result: * stunted growth * low strength development * reduced mental capacity * poor work capacity

Question 45

# 5. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition result of stunted growth, low strength development, reduced mental capacity, poor work capacity leads to the life stage undernourished pregnant adult

Answer 45

result: low weight gain leads to higher maternal mortality rate the cycle starts over

Question 46

# in depth: malnutrition nutrition paradox

Answer 46

is charcterized by the coexistence of stunting and overweight/obesity within the same region, the same household, and even the same person

Question 47

# in depth: malnutrition the WHO identifies 2 key factors

Answer 47

* a trend toward decreased physical activity * a global shift toward increased consumption of energy dense foods

Question 48

# in depth: malnutrition poverty-obesity

Answer 48

paradox occurs when obesity is more prevalent in low-income populations

Question 49

# in depth: malnutrition-- poverty-obesity some researchers hava also observed a so called hunger-obesity paradox in which

Answer 49

low income people are obese while also deficient in one or more nutrients

Question 50

# in depth: malnutrition food deserts

Answer 50

also contribute to malnutrition and poor food access

Question 51

# in depth: malnutrition-- food deserts characterized as geographic areas where people lack access to

Answer 51

* fresh * healthful * affordable food