ch. 14, 15,16

Question 1

Major life decisions are made without much life experience upon which to base them

Answer 1

transition to adulthood

Question 2

Peak physical status and optimal health

Answer 2

Ages 19- 26

Question 3

Risky sexual behavior, alcohol and drug abuse; would probably never have health problems, regardless of health-compromising behaviors; “will not happen to me”; push bodies too far can bounce back from stress & exertion

Answer 3

transition years

Question 4

Highest percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries

Answer 4

late adolescence & young adulthood

Question 5

15- 24 being highest risk
higher males than females
motor vehicle accidents, falls, violence

Answer 5

spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries

Question 6

hypothesis that a childhood history of physical abuse predisposes a person to violence in later years. victims higher chance of becoming violent

Answer 6

theory of the cycle of violence

Question 7

Childhood experiences such as sexual abuse, serious illness of a close person, or major loss events can adversely impact

Answer 7

development of mature coping skills and emotional strength

Question 8

____look for absolute truth, while ___ consider problem in the context by which it is presented

Answer 8

Adolescents / adults

Question 9

career selection, mate selection, and assumption of community responsibilities

Answer 9

Transition years. 16-24

Question 10

peak cognitive development and intellectual efficiency

Answer 10

young adulthood (20-40)

Question 11

normal age related changes in physical functioning begin

Answer 11

middle adulthood (40-65)

Question 12

Average life expectancy in US

Answer 12

74.1 males, 79.5 females

Question 13

Female bone loss accelerates after _____ due to decreasing ____

Answer 13

menopause. estrogen

Question 14

osteoprosis

Answer 14

bone loss that exceeds normal aging

Question 15

cartilage w/ aging

Answer 15

lubrication & nutrition is disrupted. dehydration, poor nutrition, increased degradation of weight bearing surfaces. cartilage becomes brittle -opaque yellow,

Question 16

cartilage w/ aging

Answer 16

thinning occurs- cracks, frays, shred by 30, crystal formation & calcification occur

Question 17

crystal formation & calcification

Answer 17

increase f riction w/ joint movement & contributes to ostearthritis

Question 18

Muscle Atrophy: app. __% of muscle strength will be lost b/w ages 50-70

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

Age related decline in muscle mass and thereby muscle strength

Answer 19

Sarcopenia

Question 20

Middle aged and older men and women can benefit from…

Answer 20

resistance training/strength training

Question 21

Middle adulthood Sedentary Lifestyle:

Answer 21

time demands of work and family contribute to lack of exercise= weight gain
-taking care of self less priority

Question 22

Changes being at age __ with a decrease in ___ vision happening in everyone.

Answer 22

age 40. near vision

Question 23

Two changes in the eye take place
External:
Internal:

Answer 23

External: increased wrinkling, decrease tear secretion
Internal: corneal changes

Question 24

Condition where the lens of the eye become opaque

Answer 24

cataracts

Question 25

Vision Decreases:

Answer 25

- lens transparency - amount of light contacting the eye - number of macular neurons - increase sensitivity to light and glare (accommodation)

Question 26

functional hearing loss in 25% of adults at the end of middle adulthood

Answer 26

age 65

Question 27

fluid intelligence peaks at age _ then progressively declines

Answer 27

20, process new information

Question 28

_____ Intelligence improves throughout middle adulthood and older adulthood

Answer 28

Crystallized intellegence, knowledge gained over time & experience

Question 29

Incorporates skills that are practiced and automatic | -ability to type, play instrument,

Answer 29

implicit memory

Question 30

knowledge about the world and facts and figures that can be detailed verbally ex. memorizing muscle attachments

Answer 30

explicit memory

Question 31

where past events are associated with present events

Answer 31

Working memory | forgotten more quickly- declines with age

Question 32

Biggest health concerns in middle age (40-65)

Answer 32

cardiovascular disease & cancer

Question 33

Leading cause of death for men and women in middle and young adulthood

Answer 33

cardiovascular disease | hypertension increases risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 34

According to the american cancer society | _ out of 10 americans develop cancer at some point of their lives

Answer 34

4

Question 35

- anxious - supresses emotions - fatigued - distressed personality - high risk of CHD - negative attitude - distressed personality - highest risk type

Answer 35

Type D | heart attack

Question 36

- poorly defined goals - likes to compete constantly - desire for recognition - mental and physical alertness - in control - cynical - "monica from friends"

Answer 36

Type A Heart disease/ heart attack

Question 37

Prevalence greater for prostate cancer but

Answer 37

morbidity greater in breast cancer | more cases of prostate, but more people dying of breast cancer

Question 38

Type C | Belief that unexpressive negative emotion weaken the immune system

Answer 38

Personality type is more likely to develop cancer

Question 39

- optimistic - healthy - capable of meeting own needs and others - self supportive - enthusiastic - active

Answer 39

type B healthy

Question 40

parents of their own children and adult child of a parent (caring for parents and children at same time)

Answer 40

Sand which generation

Question 41

Stevens and Commons Low point in martial satisfaction high alcoholism heightened awareness of aging

Answer 41

midlife crisis

Question 42

truely experiencing midlife crisis

Answer 42

-reality of aging - passing of time

Question 43

Transition from hypothetical to pragmatic (realistic, practical) thought

Answer 43

young adulthood

Question 44

Prefrontal cortex matures at what age

Answer 44

24

Question 45

Ginzberg’s | Fantasy period

Answer 45

early and middle childhood | "want to be ballerina, doctor like mommy"

Question 46

Experimentation period

Answer 46

young adult, career category | get a job in general field ex. health care field

Question 47

Ginzberg | Tentative period

Answer 47

adolescence, consider skills, expense | Don't like science then shouldnt be a doctor

Question 48

Emphasizes the notion of “fit” between personality and career selection Useful for career and guidance counselors

Answer 48

Holland's

Question 49

Manner in which partner is chosen and roles of participating individuals is influenced by

Answer 49

culture and social class

Question 50

Lower s-e class marry

Answer 50

younger than middle class

Question 51

Characteristics of unsuccessful marriage

Answer 51

``` Feelings of powerlessness Passive-aggression Neuroticism Suspicion Chemical abuse Depression Borderline pathologies Hostility, defensiveness, and aggression ```

Question 52

Predictors of relationship low satisfaction

Answer 52

HIGH alcohol consumption | sexual abuse in childhood

Question 53

born between 1946 and 1964

Answer 53

30% of population

Question 54

Study ran in 1997 using twins it demonstrated that twins reared apart share less than 35% inheritability of lifespan Environment and lifestyle accounted for the 65% observed variance

Answer 54

Tanzi

Question 55

Rowe & Kahn 3 components of successful aging

Answer 55

- Low probability of disease and disease-related disability - High cognitive and physical functional capacity - Active engagement with life

Question 56

Exercise and activity delays and diminishes almost all age related changes to

Answer 56

cardiovascular & pulmonary disease

Question 57

- delays changes to musculoskeletal system - keeping or increasing flexibility and mobility - decreasing the amount of bone mineral loss - supports healthy cartilage by increasing nutritional fluid exchange - decreasing risk of vertebral compression fractures through practicing spinal extension

Answer 57

exercise

Question 58

- bone mineral content - cartilage water content - flexibility(20-30% loss AROM) - stability and mobility

Answer 58

decrease with aging

Question 59

fight mineral loss

Answer 59

resistive exercise

Question 60

decrease risk of vertebral compression fractures

Answer 60

weight training

Question 61

The two most prevalent cardiovascular diseases associated with age

Answer 61

hypertension & coronary artery disease

Question 62

- Increase in vascular stiffness - Increase in arterial wall thickness - Less blood able to exit the heart - Increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Answer 62

high blood pressure

Question 63

Atrophy (waste or loss of) and degeneration of articular cartilage.

Answer 63

osteoarthritis & joint

Question 64

Promotion of good posture alignment

Answer 64

Back extension exercises

Question 65

most noticeable physical change of aging

Answer 65

Muscle Atrophy:Loss of lean muscle mass (& inc in body fat and connective tissue)

Question 66

safety adaptations

Answer 66

Gait Stride becomes wider to improve stability Step length becomes smaller

Question 67

Aging brain remains plastic

Answer 67

individuals can continue to gain & retain complex skills

Question 68

Compromised myelinated structures (white matter) account for

Answer 68

-slowing of psychomotor speed, increased processing time required for complex information , and transmission of motor responses

Question 69

Most common visual problem in older adults

Answer 69

Presbyopia

Question 70

vision problems

Answer 70

presbyopia, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degenarative

Question 71

Most widespread cause of activity limitation | amongst the elderly

Answer 71

depression