Ch 14-15: Organizational Structure and Change

Question 1

formally dictates how jobs and tasks are divided and coordinated between individuals and groups within the company

Answer 1

organizational structure

Question 2

a drawing that represents every job in the organization and the formal reporting relationships between those jobs

Answer 2

organizational chart

Question 3

the degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs

Answer 3

work specialization

Question 4

specifies who reports to whom; signifies formal authority relationships

Answer 4

chain of command

Question 5

represents how many employees each manager int he organization has responsibility for

Answer 5

span of control

Question 6

aspect of structure that dictates where decisions are formally made in organizations

Answer 6

centralization

Question 7

the degree to which rules and procedures are used to standardize behaviors and decisions in an organization

Answer 7

formalization

Question 8

efficient, rigid, predictable, and standardized organization that thrive in stable environments

Answer 8

mechanistic organizations

Question 9

flexible, adaptive, outward-focused organization that thrive in dynamic environments

Answer 9

organic organizations

Question 10

the process of creating, selecting, or changing the structure of an organization

Answer 10

organizational design

Question 11

the outside environment, including customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, and other factors external to the firm, which all affect organizational design

Answer 11

business environment

Question 12

an organization’s objectives and goals and how it tries to capitalize on its assets to make money

Answer 12

company strategy

Question 13

the method by which an organization transforms inputs to outputs

Answer 13

technology

Question 14

the number of employees in a company

Answer 14

company size

Question 15

an organizational form that features one person as the central decision-making figure

Answer 15

simple structure

Question 16

an organizational form that exhibits many of the facets of a mechanistic organization

Answer 16

bureaucratic structure

Question 17

an organizational form in which employees are grouped by the function they perform for the organization

Answer 17

functional structure

Question 18

an organizational form in which employees are grouped by product, geography, or client

Answer 18

multi-divisional structure

Question 19

an organizational form in which employees are grouped around different products that the company produces

Answer 19

product structure

Question 20

an organizational form in which employees are grouped around the different locations where the company does business

Answer 20

geographic structure

Question 21

an organizational form in which employees are organized around serving customers

Answer 21

client structure

Question 22

a complex form of organizational structure that combines a functional and multi-divisional grouping

Answer 22

matrix structure

Question 23

the process of changing an organization’s structure

Answer 23

restructuring

Question 24

the shared social knowledge within an organization regarding rules, norms, and values that shape the attitudes and behaviors of its employees

Answer 24

organizational culture

Question 25

aspects of an organization's culture that employees and outsiders can easily see or talk about

Answer 25

observable artifacts

Question 26

the images an organization uses, which generally convey messages

Answer 26

symbols

Question 27

the organization's buildings and internal office design

Answer 27

physical structures

Question 28

the jargon, slang, and slogans used within an organization

Answer 28

language

Question 29

anecdotes, accounts, legends, and myths passed down from cohort to cohort within an organization

Answer 29

stories

Question 30

the daily or weekly planned routines that occur in an organization

Answer 30

rituals

Question 31

formal events, generally performed in front of an audience of organizational members

Answer 31

ceremonies

Question 32

the beliefs, philosophies, and norms that a company explicitly states

Answer 32

espoused values

Question 33

the engrained beliefs and philosophies of employees

Answer 33

basic underlying assumptions

Question 34

an organizational culture type in which employees are distant and disconnected from one another

Answer 34

fragmented culture

Question 35

an organizational culture type in which employees think alike but are not friendly to one another

Answer 35

mercenary culture

Question 36

an organizational culture type in which employees are friendly to one another, but everyone thinks differently and does his/her own thing

Answer 36

networked culture

Question 37

an organizational culture type in which employees are friendly to one another and all think

Answer 37

communal culture

Question 38

a specified culture type focused on service quality

Answer 38

customer service culture

Question 39

a specific culture type focused on the safety of employees

Answer 39

safety culture

Question 40

a specific culture type focused on fostering or taking advantage of a diverse group of employees

Answer 40

diversity culture

Question 41

a specific culture type focused on fostering a creative atmosphere

Answer 41

creativity culture

Question 42

the degree to which employees agree about how things should happen within the organization and behave accordingly

Answer 42

culture strength

Question 43

cultures created within small subsets of the organization's employees

Answer 43

subcultures

Question 44

subcultures whose values do not match those of the organization

Answer 44

counter cultures

Question 45

a theory (attraction-selection-attrition) that states that employees will be drawn to organizations with cultures that match their personality, organizations will select employees that match, and employees will leave or be forced out when they are not a good fit

Answer 45

ASA framework

Question 46

the primary process by which employees learn the social knowledge that enables them to understand and adapt to the organization's culture

Answer 46

socialization

Question 47

a stage of socialization that begins as soon as a potential employee develops an image of what it would be like to work for a company

Answer 47

anticipatory stage

Question 48

a stage of socialization beginning the day an employee starts work, during which the employee compares the information as an outsider to the information learned as an insider

Answer 48

encounter stage

Question 49

a mismatch of information that occurs when an employee finds that aspects of working at a company are not what he/she expected them to be

Answer 49

reality shock

Question 50

the final stage of socialization, during which newcomers come to learn the content areas of socialization and internalize the norms and expected behaviors of the organization

Answer 50

understanding and adaptation

Question 51

organizational culture assessment instrument (OCAI), a structured diagnostic tool used to describe and categorize corporate cultures

Answer 51

OCAI

Question 52

the deliberate act of opposing or withstanding change

Answer 52

resistance

Question 53

the degree to which a person's personality and values match the culture of an organization

Answer 53

person-organization fit

Question 54

the process of ensuring that a prospective employee understands both the positive and the negative aspects of the job

Answer 54

realistic job previews

Question 55

a common form of training during which new hires learn more about the organization

Answer 55

newcomer orientation

Question 56

the process by which a junior-level employee develops a deep and long-lasting relationship with a more senior-level employee within the organization

Answer 56

mentoring