Ch. 14

Question 1

True or false: The human central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The nerves of the human body make up the ______.

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

The central nervous system functions to receive
input, _____ perform integration, and generate
_____ output.

Answer 3

sensory. motor

Question 4

What are all parts of the nervous system

Answer 4

Brain, Spinal cord

Question 5

Based on function, the three basic types of neurons are sensory neurons, interneurons, and
__________ neurons.

Answer 5

motor

Question 6

Which type of neuron lies entirely within the central nervous system?

Answer 6

Interneuron

Question 7

The general tissue type that includes cells called neurons and neuroglia is
______ tissue.

Answer 7

nervous

Question 8

Receptors that detect changes in the environment are called _______ receptors.

Answer 8

sensory

Question 9

In nervous tissue, cells called
________ support and nourish the cells called ________ that transmit nerve impulses.

Answer 9

neuroglia, neurons

Question 10

In the CNS, cells called
_____ form myelin; in the PNS,myelin is formed by _______ cells.

Answer 10

oligodendrocytes, schwann

Question 11

All neurons have three parts: an axon, a cell body, and _____

Answer 11

dendrites

Question 12

Which class of neurons takes nerve signals to the central nervous system?

Answer 12

sensory

Question 13

A nerve is a bundle of axon or nerve _____

Answer 13

fibers

Question 14

Which type of receptor would respond to changes in the environment?

Answer 14

sensory

Question 15

Which type of cell forms myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 15

Schwann cell

Question 16

A sensory neuron has a cell body located along its very long _____

Answer 16

axon

Question 17

What are three parts of a neuron

Answer 17

Dendrite, Axon, Cell body

Question 18

Areas along an axon where there is no myelin sheath are called
______ of Ranvier.

Answer 18

nodes

Question 19

A bundle of long axons outside of the central nervous system is called a(n) ______.

Answer 19

nerve

Question 20

The central nervous system disorder that results from an autoimmune destruction of myelin is called
_____ sclerosis.

Answer 20

multiple

Question 21

In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells wrap their membranes around the _____ of neurons to form myelin sheaths.

Answer 21

axons

Question 22

In the CNS, gray matter is gray because it contains no ______.

Answer 22

myelin

Question 23

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder of the nervous system resulting from the breakdown of ______.

Answer 23

myelin

Question 24

The prick of a sharp pin would be the
______ that starts an action potential on a pain neuron.

Answer 24

stimulus

Question 25

Areas of the CNS where the axons are myelinated are called _______ matter.

Answer 25

white

Question 26

The voltage that will result in an action potential is called the _____.

Answer 26

threshold

Question 27

When a neuron is not transmitting an impulse, the energy resulting from the level of membrane polarization is called ______.

Answer 27

the resting potential

Question 28

Increasing the strength of a stimulus does not change the strength of the action potential, however it may _____.

Answer 28

cause more action potentials to occur in a given period

Question 29

Which part of a neuron conducts an action potential?

Answer 29

Axon

Question 30

Which term refers to an event that activates a neuron and begins an action potential?

Answer 30

Stimulus

Question 31

The rapid movement of potassium ions out of a neuron during an action potential causes ______ of the cell membrane.

Answer 31

repolarization

Question 32

Once an impulse has passed down a neuron, it is then unable to conduct another impulse for a short period of time. This is referred to as ______.

Answer 32

the refractory period

Question 33

The region where a neuron transmitting an impulse comes in close proximity to a receiving neuron is the ______.

Answer 33

synapse

Question 34

Conduction along an unmyelinated axon ______.

Answer 34

is slower than conduction on a myelinated axon

Question 35

Conduction of an impulse along a myelinated axon is termed ______ conduction.

Answer 35

saltatory

Question 36

What is the function of a neuron membrane's refractory period?

Answer 36

It prevents an action potential from traveling in the wrong direction.

Question 37

The best definition of an axon terminal is ______.

Answer 37

the small swelling at the tip of an axon branch

Question 38

The location where an axon terminal of one neuron comes into close proximity with a dendrite or cell body of a second neuron is called a(n) _________.

Answer 38

synapse

Question 39

Which enzyme breaks down acetylcholine at the synapse?

Answer 39

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 40

A chemical released by a sending neuron, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft to bind to the membrane of a receiving neuron, is called a ________.

Answer 40

neurotransmitter

Question 41

Which neurotransmitter excites skeletal muscle but inhibits cardiac muscle?

Answer 41

Acetylcholine

Question 42

The small swelling at the end of an axon, which lies close to the dendrite or cell body of another neuron, is the axon _________.

Answer 42

terminal

Question 43

Whereas an inhibitory signal opens ______ gates of a neuron cell membrane, an excitatory signal opens _____ gates of a neuron.

Answer 43

potassium; sodium

Question 44

In some synapses, the receiving membrane contains ______ that rapidly inactivates the neurotransmitter, preventing the continuous stimulation or inhibition of the receiving membrane.

Answer 44

ENZYMES

Question 45

If a neuron receives more inhibitory signals than excitatory signals, an impulse will not be sent due to ______.

Answer 45

integration

Question 46

A viral or bacterial infection of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord is called ______.

Answer 46

meningitis

Question 47

Whereas an inhibitory signal causes a neuron to be ______ threshold, an excitatory signal causes a neuron to be _____ threshold.

Answer 47

further from; closer to

Question 48

The fluid that cushions and protects the organs of the central nervous system is called ______.

Answer 48

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 49

The protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called the ______.

Answer 49

meninges

Question 50

Which disorder occurs as a result of excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 50

Hydrocephalus

Question 51

In the CNS, which type of nervous tissue contains cell bodies and short nonmyelinated nerve fibers?

Answer 51

Gray matter

Question 52

The myelinated axons that run together in bundles in the CNS are called ______.

Answer 52

tracts

Question 53

True or false: In the spinal cord, the gray matter is more internal and the white matter is more external

Answer 53

true

Question 54

Quadriplegia results from damage to the spinal cord at a region that is ______ damage that would cause paraplegia.

Answer 54

higher than

Question 55

The structure that provides a means of communication between the brain and peripheral nerves is the _________.

Answer 55

spinal cord

Question 56

How many ventricles does the human brain have?

Answer 56

4

Question 57

If the spinal cord is completely severed in the thoracic region, what is the most likely outcome?

Answer 57

Paraplegia

Question 58

The neurons that control an action where impulses from sensory axons travel through the spinal cord and back to an effector (muscle or gland) constitute a reflex ______.

Answer 58

arc

Question 59

Which of these is the largest portion of the human brain, receives sensory input, and regulates voluntary motor output?

Answer 59

Cerebrum

Question 60

The human brain is comprise of the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and _________.

Answer 60

cerebellum

Question 61

Which lobe of the cerebrum controls movement and higher reasoning?

Answer 61

frontal