ch 14

Question 1

Contrasting effects of a gene on two different characters, such that the effect of an allele substitution on one character increases fitness, but the effect on the other character decreases fitness

Answer 1

Antagonistic pleiotropy

Question 2

Reduction of an individual’s future fitness caused by reproductive activity

Answer 2

Cost of reproduction

Question 3

Phenotype such that, if almost all individuals in a population have that phenotype, no alternative phenotype can invade the population of replace it

Answer 3

Evolutionary stable stratgey

Question 4

Potential per capita rates of increase of a population with a stable age distribution whose growth is not depressed by the negative effects of density

Answer 4

Intrinsic rate of increase

Question 5

Pertaining to a life history in which individuals reproduce more than once

Answer 5

Iteroparous

Question 6

Set of traits that affect changes in numbers of individuals over generations, of the population as a whole or of specific genotypes within the population (age-specific values of surviva, female/male reproduction)

Answer 6

Life history

Question 7

Models of adaptive evolution that assume that characters have evolved to nearly their optimum, within limits set by specified constraints

Answer 7

Optimality theory

Question 8

Parental activities of processes that enhance the survival of existing offspring but whose costs reduce the parent’s subsequent reproductive success

Answer 8

Parental investment

Question 9

Proportion of energy or materials that an organism allocated to reproduction rather than to growth and maintenance

Answer 9

Reproductive effort

Question 10

Pertaining to a life history in which individuals reproduce only once

Answer 10

Semelparous

Question 11

Existence of both a fitness benefit and a fitness cost of a mutation or character state, relative to another

Answer 11

Trade-off