CH. 14 Heredity

Question 0

What is the most common error in meiosis?

Answer 0

Nondisjunction, which results in abnormal numbers of chromosomes.

Question 1

Karyotyping

Answer 1

An examination of chromosomes of a cell under high magnification. Can help determine if the baby has certain defects or problems caused by additional, missing, or damaged chromosomes

Question 2

Symptoms of Down syndrome?

Answer 2

Flat face, small ears and mouth and broad hands and feet. Most children have lack of muscle tone.

Question 3

Scientific name of Down syndrome?

Answer 3

Trisomy 21

Question 4

Scientific name of Patau Syndrome?

Answer 4

Trisomy 13

Question 5

Symptoms of Patau Syndrome?

Answer 5

Almost half of infants do not survive beyond first month, 3/4 die within 6 months. Severe mental defects and defects of the brain that lead to seizures, apnea, deafness, and ocular abnormalities.

Question 6

Scientific name of Edwards syndrome?

Answer 6

Trisomy 18

Question 7

Who does Edwards syndrome affect more?

Answer 7

Girls. Around three times more.

Question 8

Symptoms of Edwards syndrome?

Answer 8

Abnormalities are associated with the presence of an extra 18 chromosome. Few infants survive beyond first year

Question 9

What is XXY?

Answer 9

Kleinfelters Syndrome

Question 10

Symptoms of kleinfelters?

Answer 10

Sometimes may be sterile, language impairment, and breast development

Question 11

What is the name for turners syndrome?

Answer 11

XO

Question 12

What is XO?

Answer 12

Chromosomal condition that exclusively affects girls and women. Found when two X chromosomes are found missing or incomplete

Question 13

Physical Symptoms of XO?

Answer 13

Short stature. Webbed neck. Arms That turn slightly out elbow, low hairline in the back of the head.

Question 14

Internal symptoms of XO?

Answer 14

Lack of ovarian development, prone to cardiovascular problems, kidney and thyroid problems, skeletal disorders, dislocated hips, and hear and ear disturbances

Question 15

What is XYY called?

Answer 15

Jacobs syndrome

Question 16

What is XYY?

Answer 16

When males have 2 Y chromosomes and the constitution 47.

Question 17

Physical symptoms of XYY?

Answer 17

Increased height, more active then other boys, delayed mental maturation and increased tendency for learning problems in school?

Question 18

Internal symptoms of XYY?

Answer 18

Normal intelligence, normal development, some immature sperm cells. Very fast growth velocity in early childhood.

Question 19

What are the names of XXX?

Answer 19

Triplo-x, Trisomy X, XXX Syndrome, and 47 XXX.

Question 20

What is XXX?

Answer 20

Rare chromosomal abnormality that affects only women, they have 3 X chromosomes instead of 2.

Question 21

When is there a high risk of XXX?

Answer 21

Increased slightly in pregnancies after age 35.

Question 22

Physical symptoms of XXX?

Answer 22

Tall stature, small head, vertical skin folds in inner corners of eyes.

Question 23

Internal symptoms of XXX?

Answer 23

Delayed development of certain motor skills. Speech and language, dyslexia. Infertility.

Question 24

What is Duchenne muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 24

Sex linked disorder that results in progressive weakening and loss of skeletal muscle. Happens in 1/3000 males

Question 25

What is the name for PKU?

Answer 25

Phenylketonuria

Question 26

What is PKU?

Answer 26

Children Born with this disorder cannot metabolize a protein in food called phenylalanine (PHE)

Question 27

What is CF?

Answer 27

Cystic Fibrosis.

Question 28

What is CF?

Answer 28

The most common, fatal genetic disease in the U.S. about 30k people have the disease.

Question 29

Symptoms of CF?

Answer 29

Causes body to produce sticky mucus that clogs lungs, leads to infection, blocks the pancreas, stops digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine.

Question 30

What does HD stand for?

Answer 30

Huntingtons

Question 31

What is HD?

Answer 31

An inherited neurological illness causing involuntary movements, severe emotional disturbances, cognitive decline. No cure.

Question 32

What is Criduchat?

Answer 32

Cat cry

Question 33

Symptoms of cat cry?

Answer 33

At birth, child had a distinctive high, shrill, mewing, kitten-like, cry during infancy. Low birth weight and failure to grow. Small head, widely spaced eyes, small jaw, mental retardation. Messed up chromosome 5.

Question 34

What is the name of TSD?

Answer 34

Taysachs

Question 35

What is TSD?

Answer 35

Fatal genetic disorder, mostly in children in progressive destruction of nervous system

Question 36

How is TSD caused?

Answer 36

An absence of vital enzyme called hexosaminidase- A (Hex-A). Without Hex-A, a fatty substance, or lipid, called GM2 ganglioside accumulates abnormality in cells, especially in nerve cells

Question 37

Symptoms of TSD?

Answer 37

Normal until 6 months, development slows, seizures, diminishing mental function, gradually regresses, unable to crawl, turn over, sit or reach out, blind, mentally retarded, paralyzed, non-responsive