Ch 14. Problems Related to Media

Question 1

refers to devices that transmit a message

Answer 1

Media

Question 2

a medium that transmits to a mass audience

Answer 2

Mass media

Question 3

businesses major businesses that own, or own interests in, radio and television production and broadcasting that influence people and cultures worldwide

Answer 3

Media Industries

Question 4

news and images are linked together to create certain audience perceptions and to give specific impressions to the audience.

Answer 4

Framing

Question 5

viewers pass the material presented via media through their already existing thoughts and stereotypes in order to interpret and understand the material.

Answer 5

Associative priming

Question 6

the tendency of media industries to cluster together in groups with the goal of enhancing profitability; synergy

Answer 6

Media Concentration

Question 7

Consolidation of communications, computer, and electronics companies

Answer 7

Convergence

Question 8

1. The decline of journalism as a public service profession
2. Constant pressure for all journalistic endeavors to be immediately profitable
3. A significant decrease in the quantity and quality of international news available to Canadian audiences
4. The quashing of public debate about the power of the media industries and how they deal with important social issues
5. Dramatic increase in the influence of powerful lobbyists who represent the interests of the media conglomerates

Answer 8

Problems Associated with Convergence

Question 9

The discourse around social harm (problems) is that they are…

Answer 9

…increasing in prevalence and severity

Question 10

The Media Defines… (5)

Answer 10

1. social problems
2. public debates
3. boundaries between groups by establishing inclusion and exclusion
4. the stigmatized other
5. the absolute other

Question 11

Hypodermic Needle Theory (Interactionalist Perspective)

Answer 11

the passive consumption of media has disinhibition effect and desensitization effects

Question 12

Theory of limited effects (Interactionalist Perspective)

Answer 12

the media have a minimal effect on the attitude and perceptions of individuals and isn’t what the hypodermic needle theory suggests

Question 13

Social Learning Theory (Interactionist Perspective)

Answer 13

based on the assumption that people are likely to act out the behaviour they see in role models and media sources

Question 14

Audience Relations Approach (Interactionist Perspective)

Answer 14

people use their own cultural understandings to interpret what they hear and see in the media.

Question 15

Use of Gratification Theory (Interactionist Perspective)

Answer 15

Suggests that people are active consumers of media (for diversion, personal relationships, personal identity, for surveillance)

Question 15

Functions of Media in Society (Functionalist Perspective) (4)

Answer 15

1. Providing news and information
2. Facilitating public discourse
3. Passing on cultural traditions
4. Entertainment

Question 16

Conflict Perspective Regarding Media

Answer 16

Members of the capitalist class own, control, and use the media to validate existing class relations

Question 17

Hegemony theory (Conflict Perspective)

Answer 17

the view that the media are instruments of social control and are used by members for the ruling class to create “false consciousness” in the working classes. (Social Control)

Question 18

Process of legitimization (Conflict Perspective)

Answer 18

media consumers get information that supports current class relations

Question 19

Parenti’s theory of media manipulation (Conflict Perspective) (5)

Answer 19

1. Sponsors control decisions;
2. Information may be suppressed;
3. Reporting may not be balanced;
4. Negative labels may stereotype, e.g., Islamic terrorists; and
5. Stories may be framed by visual effects, etc.

Question 20

Problems with the media (3)

Answer 20

1. Violence in the media
2. The representation of racial and ethnic groups in the media
3. Gender representation in the media

Question 21

Implicit in the creation of moral panic are (4)

Answer 21

Mass media
Public
Politicians
Law enforcement