Ch. 14 Stress, Life, and Health

Question 1

Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when ___

Answer 1

___ an event is perceived as threatening, and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent.

Question 2

Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increase in stress levels were found to occur amoung ___

Answer 2

___ men, Whites, people aged 45-64, college graduates, and those with full-time employment

Question 3

During the exhaustion stage of Selye’s General adaption syndrome, ___

Answer 3

___ a person is especially vulnerable to illness

Question 4

During an encounter judged as stressful, ___

Answer 4

___ cortisol is released by the adrenal glands

Question 5

Popular scale designed to measure stress; consists of 43 potentially stressful events, each with a numerical value quantifying how much readjustment is associated with the event

Answer 5

Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

Question 6

Individuals with depression are at great risk of ___

Answer 6

___ greater risk of heart disease

Question 7

Type A was conceptiallized as a behavior style characterized by __

Answer 7

___ competitiveness, time urgency, impatience, and anger/hostility

Question 8

Anger/hostility

Answer 8

Too much of this Type A behavior style can cause heart disease

Question 9

Psychophysiological disorder that obstructs airways. Development tied to parental and interpersonal conflicts.

Answer 9

Asthma

Question 10

By believing that an inert substance they breathe will lead to airway obstruction ___

Answer 10

Asthma sufferers can have an asthma attack ___

Question 11

Asthma is linked to

Answer 11

Hostility is linked to

Question 12

Biofeedback

Answer 12

stress-reduction technique using electronic equipment to measure a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity and provide feedback to help the person gain a level of voluntary control over these processes

Question 13

Coping

Answer 13

Mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including its cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions

Question 14

Perceived control

Answer 14

People’s beliefs concerning their capacity to influence and shape outcomes

Question 15

Lymphocytes

Answer 15

White blood cells that circulate in the body’s fluids

Question 16

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 16

Field that studies how psychological factors influence the immune system and immune functioning

Question 17

Daily hassles

Answer 17

Minor irritations and annoyances that are part of out everyday lives and capable of causing stress

Question 18

Job burnout

Answer 18

General sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation one’s job; consists of three diminsions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of diminished personal accomplishment

Question 19

General adaption syndrome

Answer 19

Hans Selye’s 3 stage model of the body’s physiological reactions to stress and the process of stress adaptation

Question 20

Process of stress adaptation in Selye’s general adaption syndrome

Answer 20

Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

Question 21

Cortisol

Answer 21

Stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor

Question 22

Distress and eustress

Answer 22

Bad form and good form of stress. High versus low to moderate in intensity. Good form provides a boost of energy, as well as optimal health and performance

Question 23

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis)

Answer 23

Set of structures found in both the lambic system (hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary gland and adrenal glands) that regulate many of the body’s physiological reactions to stress through the release of hormones

Question 24

Primary appraisal

Answer 24

Judgement about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail

Question 25

Secondary appraisal

Answer 25

Judgement of options available to cope with stressor and potential effectiveness