Ch. 15 Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help to identify an odor? Which of the following special senses is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without going to the thalamus?
A. More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium.
B. Impulses originate slowly in the olfactory epithelium.
C. The tissue needs more time in contact with the odor.
D. Threshold for odor detection is high.
E. Receptors in the olfactory epithelium are highly specific.
A
A. More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium.
2
Q
In order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons, it must?
A. be present in high concentrations.
B. be one of the seven primary classes of odors.
C. be dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium.
D. interact with the mechanoreceptors of the olfactory hair membrane.
E. enter the nose slowly.
A
C. be dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium.
3
Q
You are an airborne molecule that dissolves in the fluid covering the olfactory epithelium. Which of the following must you do in order to depolarize neurons in the olfactory epithelium?
A. stimulate mitral cells
B. release acetylcholine
C. cause proliferation of basal cells
D. bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane
E. lower the threshold of the cell
A
D. bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane
4
Q
The ability of the olfactory system to adapt a particular odor may involve
A. sensitivity of the olfactory cortex.
B. an increase in the sensitivity at the receptor sites.
C. neurons from the medial olfactory area stimulating mitral cells and tufted cells.
D. the intermediate olfactory area sending inhibiting impulses to the olfactory bulb.
E. molecules that do not bind to receptors anymore.
A
D. the intermediate olfactory area sending inhibiting impulses to the olfactory bulb
5
Q
The medial olfactory area
A. provides emotional reactions to odors.
B. is the site of conscious perception of odors.
C. generates action potentials in olfactory neurons.
D. modulates the sense of olfaction within the olfactory bulb.
E. is the area where chemicals bind to receptors
A
A. provides emotional reactions to odors
6
Q
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced.
B. Olfactory epithelial receptors are highly specific.
C. Olfaction first goes to the thalamus and is then relayed to the cerebral cortex.
D. Continued stimulation of olfactory neurons produces the same level of response.
E. Replacement of neurons is a common phenomenon in the body.
A
A. Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced
7
Q
Which of the following special senses is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without going to the thalamus?
A. smell
B. taste
C. sight
D. sound
E. touch
A
A. smell
8
Q
The receptor cells for which of the following special senses are bipolar neurons?
A. equilibrium
B. hearing
C. smell
D. taste
E. touch
A
C. smell
9
Q
Which of the special senses contains receptor neurons that are only nerve cells in direct contact with the outside environment?
A. equilibrium
B. hearing
C. smell
D. taste
E. vision
A
C. smell
10
Q
What molecule is activated from the binding of an odorant to transmembranous receptor molecules on olfactory hairs?
A. cAMP
B. calmodulin
C. troponin
D. G protein
A
D. G protein
11
Q
What ion(s) cause(s) depolarization in olfactory neurons?
A. Na+
B. Ca2+
C. K+
D. Both Na+ and K+
E. Both Na+ and Ca2+
A
E. Both Na+ and Ca2+
12
Q
Which of the following is NOT a primary odor class?
A. umami
B. floral
C. putrid
D. pepperminty
E. ethereal
A
A. umami
13
Q
The olfactory cortex is located in the ____ lobe and the secondary olfactory areas are located in the ____ lobe.
A. frontal, temporal
B. frontal, parietal
C. parietal, temporal
D. temporal, frontal
A
D. temporal, frontal
14
Q
Sensory structures that detect taste are
A. palates.
B. papillae.
C. taste buds.
D. ciliary membranes.
E. thermoreceptors.
A
C. taste buds
15
Q
Taste buds are not associated with ____.
A. foliate
B. filiform
C. fungiform
D. vallate
E. papilliform
A
B. filiform
16
Q
The most sensitive taste buds are found in _____ papillae.
A. formate
B. filiform
C. fungiform
D. vallate
E. foliate
A
E. foliate
17
Q
Taste buds
A. can perceive seven basic tastes.
B. are replaced approximately every 30 days.
C. can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution.
D. can be found covering both the superior and inferior surfaces of the tongue.
E. have axons and generate their own action potentials.
A
C. can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution.
18
Q
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Each taste bud is most sensitive to one of the five basic tastes.
B. Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high.
C. Adaptation for taste is rapid.
D. Olfaction influences taste.
E. Sensitivities for sweet and salty tastes are the lowest.
A
B. Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high.
19
Q
To which of the following substances would the taste buds be most sensitive?
A. syrup
B. vinegar
C. salt water
D. quinine (tonic) water
E. jelly
A
D. quinine (tonic) water
20
Q
Damage to which of the following cranial nerves may impair the sense of taste?
A. facial
B. abducens
C. trigeminal
D. hypoglossal
E. accessory
A
A. facial
21
Q
You taste a sauce with the “tip of your tongue”. These taste sensations would be carried via the ______ cranial nerve.
A. facial (VII)
B. vagus (X)
C. trigeminal (V)
D. glossopharyngeal (IX)
E. hypoglossal (XII)
A
A. facial (VII)
22
Q
The newest taste to be described is
A. bitter.
B. salty.
C. sweet.
D. umami.
E. sour.
A
D. umami.
23
Q
Which type of taste has the lowest threshold?
A. sweet
B. bitter
C. salty
D. sour
E. umami
A
B. bitter
24
Q
The sense of taste is called
A. olfaction.
B. perception.
C. gustation.
D. tastant.
E. mastication.
A
C. gustation.
25
Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in taste buds?
A. mitral cells
B. supporting cells
C. basal cells
D. taste cells
A. mitral cells
26
Which tastant is NOT correctly matched with its process of depolarization?
A. salty - Na+
B. umami - G protein
C. bitter - K+
D. sour - H+
E. sweet - G protein
C. bitter - K+
27
The taste cortex is located in ____ lobe.
A. frontal
B. parietal
C. temporal
D. occipital
B. parietal
28
Which of the following structures is considered to be an accessory structure of the eye?
A. lens
B. retina
C. sclera
D. palpebrae
E. cornea
D. palpebrae
29
Palpebrae is another name for the
A. eyes.
B. eyelids.
C. eyebrows.
D. eyelashes.
E. conjunctiva.
B. eyelids
30
Some thyroid disorders are characterized by an increase in the width of the palpebral fissure. This would be an increase in the distance between the
A. eyebrows.
B. eyelashes.
C. eyelids.
D. eyes.
E. lacrimal glands.
C. eyelids
31
The blink reflex is designed to
A. maintain balance.
B. regulate pupil size.
C. provide clearer vision.
D. keep the eyes moist.
E. orient the eyes.
D. keep the eyes moist
32
An inflammation of one of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes is called the eyelashes is called a
A. sty.
B. boil.
C. chalazion.
D. meibomian cyst.
E. pinkeye.
A. sty
33
The transparent mucous membrane that cover the anterior white surface of the eye is the
A. conjunctival fornix.
B. surface conjunctiva.
C. bulbar conjunctiva.
D. palpebral conjunctiva.
E. sclera.
C. bulbar conjunctiva.
34
Pinkeye is an acute inflammation of the
A. retina.
B. choroid.
C. sclera.
D. conjunctiva.
E. lacrimal gland
D. conjunctiva.
35
The lacrimal glands
A. cause a sty when inflamed.
B. constantly produce a fluid called tears.
C. are located in the superomedial corner of the orbit.
D. are innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve.
E. produce sebum
B. constantly produce a fluid called tears.
36
Tears
A. are produced only when a person cries.
B. wash foreign objects away from the eye.
C. contain lysozyme to trap dust.
D. are very acidic and kill microbes.
E. contain little water.
B. wash foreign objects away from the eye.
37
Why does a person's nose run when he cries?
A. Tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct.
B. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation causes the nose to secrete mucus.
C. Intense stimulation of the facial nerve as a result of crying increases nasal secretions.
D. The lacrimal glands secrete tears directly into the nose.
E. This stimulates fluid production in the nose.
A. Tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolcrimal duct
38
Which of the following cranial nerves innervates an eye muscle?
A. optic
B. facial
C. abducens
D. trigeminal
E. vagus
C. abducens
39
Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT innervate extrinsic eye muscles?
A. oculomotor
B. abducens
C. trochlear
D. optic
E. trigeminal
D. Optic
40
The outermost tunic of the eyeball is the
A. iris.
B. sclera.
C. retina.
D. choroid.
E. conjunctiva.
B. Sclera
41
The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the?
A. iris.
B. retina.
C. cornea.
D. choroid.
E. pupil.
C. Cornea
42
Increased fluid accumulation in the corona would result in?
A. a scattering of light rays.
B. loss of pigment in the eye.
C. a decrease in the strength of the tissue.
D. an increase in the ability to transmit light to the retina.
E. blockage of light rays.
A. scattering of light rays
43
45. The cornea
A. is highly vascular.
B. maintains the shape of the eye.
C. is white like the rest of the sclera.
D. is part of the focusing system of the eye.
E. does not contain connective tissue.
D. is part of the focusing system of the eye.
44
The cornea is relatively easy to transplant because
A. its proteoglycan content is high.
B. it is easy to access and is a vascular.
C. it has an extensive blood supply.
D. its high immunological activity prevents infection.
E. it is not attached to the eye.
B. it is easy to access and is a vascular
45
Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic?
A. iris
B. retina
C. optic disc
D. fovea centralis
E. cornea
A. iris
46
The ciliary body
A. contains rods and cones.
B. is continuous with the sclera.
C. consists of a ciliary ring and ciliary processes.
D. produces vitreous humor.
E. is photosensitive.
C. consists of a ciliary ring and ciliary processes
47
The contractile structure that surrounds the pupil is the?
A. iris.
B. ciliary ring.
C. sclera.
D. ciliary muscle.
E. retina.
A. iris
48
In bright sunlight, the pupil of your eye constrict and contracts the
A. ciliary muscles.
B. dilator pupillae.
C. sphincter pupillae.
D. suspensory ligaments.
E. ciliary ring.
C. sphincter pupillae
49
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic eye muscle?
A. ciliary muscles
B. inferior oblique muscle
C. sphincter pupillae muscle
D. dilator pupillae muscle
B. inferior oblique muscle
50
Which of the following is (are) associated with the retina?
A. lens
B. ciliary muscle
C. pupil
D. suspensory ligaments
E. rods and cone
E. rods and cones
51
The area of greatest visual acuity is the
A. lens.
B. fovea centralis.
C. optic disc.
D. posterior chamber.
E. blind spot.
B. fovea centralis.
52
Blood vessels enter the eye and nerve processes exit the eye at the
A. optic disc.
B. macula lutea.
C. sensory retina.
D. fovea centralis.
E. pupil.
A. Optic disc
53
The optic disc is
A. is located in the vascular tunic.
B. is the site of greatest visual acuity.
C. is also called the macula lutea.
D. is on the anterior surface of the eye.
E. contains no photoreceptor cells.
E. contains no photoreceptor cells
54
The only place on the body where blood vessels can. be viewed directly is the
A. retina.
B. optic chiasm.
C. sclera.
D. cornea.
E. conjunctiva.
A. retina
55
The anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are separated by the
A. lens.
B. retina.
C. cornea.
D. iris.
E. optic disc.
D. iris
56
The ____ separates the posterior chamber from the vitreous chamber
A. iris
B. choroid
C. lens
D. sclera
C. lens
57
Which of the following functions is carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor?
A. cleanses the eye
B. nourishment of the eye
C. refraction of light rays
D. generation of a visual image
E. control the amount of light entering the eye
C. refraction of light rays
58
Vitreous humor
A. is produced on a daily basis.
B. is less viscous than aqueous humor.
C. does not contribute to intraocular pressure.
D. helps to hold the lens and retina in place.
E. is located in the anterior chamber.
D. helps to hold the lens and retina in place
59
Glaucoma can result from
A. inhibition of the circulation of aqueous humor.
B. damage to the suspensory ligament.
C. a decrease in the number of cones.
D. opacity of the lens.
E. increased amounts of vitreous humor.
A. inhibition of the circulation of aqueous humor.
60
The lens
A. is biconcave.
B. focuses light on the retina.
C. floats in the vitreous humor.
D. is attached to the retina by suspensory ligaments.
E. is normally opaque.
B. focuses light on the retina.
61
Which of the following is correctly matched?
A. sclera - ciliary body
B. iris - sphincter pupillae
C. retina - canal of Schlemm
D. vitreous humor - anterior chamber
E. aqueous humor - vitreous chamber
B. iris - sphincter pupillae
62
Light refracts as it passes through the
A. vitreous humor, sclera, and iris.
B. lens, aqueous humor, and sclera.
C. cornea, retina, and vitreous humor.
D. lens, cornea and humors of the eye.
E. sclera, iris, and retina.
D. lens, cornea and humors of the eye
63
For distant vision
A. the lens is more spherical.
B. the suspensory ligaments relax.
C. the ciliary muscles are relaxed.
D. light is refracted more by the lens than by the humors.
E. the lens is thickened.
C. the ciliary muscles are relaxed
64
To focus on objects closer than 20 feet,
A. the lens must become flatter.
B. the cornea must move inward.
C. the ciliary muscles must contract.
D. the suspensory ligaments increase tension on the lens.
E. the retina must bend.
C. the ciliary muscles must contract
65
Increase in the distance from the eye to the near point of vision can be caused by
A. the lens becoming more rigid with age.
B. the lens becoming more opaque with age.
C. the lens becoming more convex with age.
D. the vitreous humor becoming thicker with age.
E. the lens becoming more flexible with age.
A. the lens becoming more rigid with age
66
When you try to focus on the tip, of your nose,
A. the pupils dilate.
B. the ciliary muscles relax.
C. the lens becomes more spherical.
D. the tension on the suspensory ligament increases.
E. the lens becomes flatter.
C. the lens becomes more spherical
67
As an object moves closer to the eye,
A. the lens flattens.
B. the eyes rotate medially.
C. the ciliary muscles relax.
D. the diameter of the pupil increases.
E. the eye blinks.
B. the eyes rotate medially
68
The main factor affecting depth of focus is the
A. convergence.
B. accommodation.
C. shape of the lens.
D. size of the lens.
E. size of the pupil.
E. size of the pupil
69
The pigmented layer of the retina
A. determines the color of the iris.
B. enhances visual acuity and reduces scattering of light.
C. protects the optic nerve from damage.
D. causes increased scattering of incoming light.
E. is the vascular layer of the retina.
B. enhances visual acuity and reduces scattering of light
70
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the retina?
A. ganglion cells
B. photoreceptors
C. optic chiasm
D. optic disc
E. fovea centralis
C. optic chiasm
71
Rhodopsin is found in the
A. rods.
B. cones.
C. choroid.
D. pigmented retina.
E. amacrine cells.
A. rods
72
Night blindness could be caused by
A. a lack of cones.
B. a lack of iodopsin.
C. a lack of rhodopsin.
D. too much vitamin A in the diet.
E. a lack of vitamin C in the diet.
C. a lack of rhodopsin
73
Rods, a type of photoreceptor cell, respond to light (stimulus) by
A. depolarizing.
B. repolarizing.
C. hypopolarizing.
D. hyperpolarizing.
E. opening Na+ channels in the cell membrane.
D. hyper polarizing
74
When rhodopsin is exposed to light,
A. more rhodopsin is formed.
B. retinal separates from opsin.
C. the cones generate action potentials.
D. free retinal is converted to vitamin A.
E. retinal becomes more attached to opsin.
B. retinal separate from opsin
75
What is activate4d when light causes 11-cis-retinal to convert to all-trans-retinal?
A. opsin
B. transducin
C. ATP
D. glutamate
B. transducin
76
Light and dark adaptation involves
A. pupillary reflexes.
B. variations in rod and cone function.
C. changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.
D. pupillary reflexes and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.
E. pupillary reflexes, variations in rod and cone function and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.
E. pupillary reflexes, variations in rod and cone function and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.
77
Color vision
A. is a function of cone cells.
B. is most acute in dim light.
C. is interpreted in the cerebellum.
D. depends on the amount of available rhodopsin.
E. is the interaction between rods and cones.
A. is a function of cone cells.
78
To which colors are the three different kinds of cones sensitive?
A. blue, red, and yellow
B. red, blue, and green
C. red, violet, and yellow
D. violet, green, and blue
E. orange, indigo, and violet
B. red, blue and green
79
Humans are able to distinguish several million shades of color because
A. humans have large retinas.
B. humans have binocular vision.
C. they have many different types of cone cells.
D. different proportions of cone cells respond to each wavelength of light.
E. humans have more cones than rods.
D. different proportions of cone cells respond to each wavelength of light
80
Which of the following is false
A. Rods cannot detect color.
B. The visual pigment of cones is iodopsin.
C. Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
D. Association neurons in the inner retinal layers modify signals of rods and cones.
E. Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
E. Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
81
The photoreceptor cells are located
A. on the surface of the retina.
B. in the ganglionic layer of the retina.
C. in the photoreceptive layer of the retina.
D. in the choroid layer of the retina.
E. in the pigment cell layer of the retina
C. in the photoreceptive layer of the retina
82
The correct pathway for leaving impulses leaving the retina is
A. photoreceptors, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and optic nerve.
B. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve.
C. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, optic nerve, and ganglion cells.
D. photoreceptors, ganglion cells, optic nerve, and bipolar cells.
E. ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and optic nerve
B. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve.
83
Damage to the left side of the brain near the cortex could result in which of the following?
A. loss of temporal visual fields from both eyes
B. loss of nasal visual fields from both eyes
C. loss of right visual fields from both eyes
D. loss of left visual fields from both eyes
E. None of these choices is correct.
C. loss of right visual fields from both eyes
84
A person loses all vision in their left eye. One possible cause could be damage to the
A. optic chiasma.
B. left optic tract.
C. optic nerve in the left eye.
D. right lateral geniculate nucleus.
E. right visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
C. optic nerve in the left eye
85
Depth perception
B. does not require cerebral interpretation.
C. requires the image to strike the retina of both eyes in exactly the same way.
D. is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and judge their distance.
E. only works when looking down at water.
D. is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and judge their distance.
86
The age-associated changes that result in loss of accommodation of the eyes is called?
A. myopia.
B. hyperopia.
C. presbyopia.
D. retinopia.
E. astigmatism.
C. presbyopia.
87
What eye later is referred to in the "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"?
A. conjunctiva
B. choroid
C. retina
D. sclera
E. pupil
D. Sclera
88
Which of the following statements is NOT true of hyperopia?
A. corrected by "minus" lenses
B. close objects are fuzzy
C. eyeball is too short
D. corrected by convex lenses
E. image focused behind the retina
A. corrected by "minus lenses"
89
Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane?
A. labyrinth
B. incas
C. malleus
D. stapes
E. oval window
C. malleus
90
Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of?
A. hearing and balance.
B. hearing and taste.
C. smell.
D. taste.
E. hearing and sight.
A. hearing and balance
91
The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses form ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the ____ lobe from the _____ nerve.
A. occipital; trochlear
B. occipital; vestibulocochlear
C. temporal; trochlear
D. temporal; vestibulocochlear
E. parietal; abducens
D. temporal; vestibulocochlear
92
which portion of the ear contains the sense organs fro hearing and balance
A. external ear
B. middle ear
C. inner ear
D. auditory tube
E. tympanic membrane.
C. inner ear
93
The external ear terminate at the
A. pinna.
B. oval window.
C. tympanic membrane.
D. internal auditory meatus.
E. ossicles.
C. tympanic membrane
94
98. The auditory tube
A. amplifies sound waves.
B. helps maintain balance.
C. carries sound to the eardrum.
D. carries sound to the inner ear.
E. equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.
E. equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.
95
Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include
A. dizziness.
B. light headedness.
C. feeling of a "full" ear.
D. ringing in the ears.
E. hearing impairment.
E. hearing impairment.
96
The malleus, incus, and stapes
A. are parts of the cochlea.
B. are located in the inner ear.
C. are surrounded by endolymph.
D. transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window.
E. are surrounded by fluid.
D. transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window.
97
Sensory receptors for balance are found in the
A. pinna.
B. cochlea.
C. auditory ossicles.
D. semicircular canals.
E. auditory tube.
D. semicircular canals
98
Which of the following sequences is correct
A. oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli
B. round window, helicotrema, scala tympani
C. bony labyrinth, round window, basilar membrane
D. tympanic membrane, vestibular membrane, basilar membrane
E. vestibular membrane, basilar membrane, auditory membrane
A. oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli
99
Which of the following is true?
A. The cochlear duct is filled with perilymph.
B. The bony core of the cochlea is called the modiolus.
C. The foot plate of the incus fits into the round window.
D. The vestibule is one of the regions of the organ of corti.
E. The spiral organ is found in the semicircular canals.
B. The bony core of cochlea is called the modiolus.
100
Which of the following is part of the spiral organ( organ of corti)?
A. modiolus
B. vestibule
C. tectorial membrane
D. scala tympani
E. chorda tympani
C. tectorial membrane
101
which of the following is a part of the bony labyrinth?
A. malleus
B. vestibule
C. cochlear duct
D. tympanic membrane
E. ossicles
B. vestibule
102
The sensory cells for hearing are located in the
A. organ of Corti or spiral organ.
B. oval window.
C. middle ear.
D. vestibule.
E. semicircular canals.
A. organ of Corti or spiral organ.
103
What connect the stereo cilia in a hair bundle?
A. calcium channels
B. tip links
C. spiral ligaments
D. outer hair cells
B. tip links
104
As stereo cilium bends, the tip link pulls ____ gates open
A. Na+
B. Ca2+
C. Cl-
D. K+
D. K+
105
Which of the following definitions best describes the sound of timbre sound?
A. loudness
B. amplitude
C. wave frequency
D. resonance quality
E. pitch
D. resonance quality
106
The direction from which a sound is coming can be determine by the
A. volume of the sound.
B. frequency of sound waves.
C. amplitude of the sound waves.
D. differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear.
E. timbre of sounds.
D. differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear.
107
The attenuation reflex
A. amplifies loud noises.
B. enhances low frequency sounds.
C. prevents damage to delicate ear structures.
D. involves the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani.
E. vibrates the tympanic membrane.
C. prevents damage to delicate ear structures
108
The round window
A. reflects sound waves.
B. vibrates the basilar membrane.
C. allows for compression of the organ of Corti.
D. acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea.
E. increases the pressure of the perilymph.
D. acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea.
109
Cochlear neurons are stimulated by
A. vibrating the oval window.
B. vibrations of the tectorial membrane.
C. bending microvilli or stereocilia on the hair cells.
D. movement of the otoliths in the endolymph.
E. turning the spiral organ.
C. bending microvilli or stereocilia on the hair cells.
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Auditory impulses are transmitted by the ___ portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
A. spiral
B. cochlear
C. vestibular
D. ossicular
E. tympanic
B. cochlear
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More sound volume is perceived when?
A. sound wave amplitude increases.
B. action potentials from hair cells are blocked.
C. sound wave amplitude decreases.
D. sound wave frequency decreases.
E. sound wave frequency increases.
A. sound wave amplitude increases
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The superiors olivary nucleaus
A. generates the endocochlear potential.
B. receives impulses from the vestibular nerve.
C. helps localize high-pitched tones near the apex of the basilar membrane.
D. sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally.
E. stimulates additional hair cells
D. sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally.
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The utricle and saccule are involved in
A. static balance.
B. kinetic balance.
C. hearing low intensity sounds.
D. hearing high intensity sounds.
E. evaluating movements of the head.
A. static balance.
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The position of of the head with respect to gravity is determined by the
A) shift in fluid in the semicircular canals.
B) movements of otoliths in response to gravity.
C) movements of perilymph in the vestibular chamber.
D) impulses transmitted from the macula of the semicircular canals.
E) stimulation of the cochlear portion of the nerve.
B) movements of otoliths in response to gravity.
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Otoliths
A) amplify hearing.
B) are part of the ampulla.
C) are found in the semicircular canals.
D) stimulate hair cells to produce action potentials.
E) are found in the cochlear duct.
D) stimulate hair cells to produce action potentials.
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The semicircular canals
A) are parallel to each other.
B) can detect movement in only one direction.
C) have a base called a papilla.
D) contain cupulae that respond to gravity.
E) allow a person to detect movement in all directions.
E) allow a person to detect movement in all directions.
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Neurons synapsing on the hair cells of the maculae and the crista ampullaris have cell
A) superior colliculus.
B) vestibular ganglion.
C) superior olivary nucleus.
D) medial geniculate nucleus.
E) cochlear ganglion.
B) vestibular ganglion.
118
Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in loss of
A) taste.
B) sight.
C) hearing.
D) balance.
E) smell.
D) Balance
119
Olfactory bulbs:
A) relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the
olfactory bulb
B) area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate
C) enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons
D) fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex
E) the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves
E) the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves
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olfactory tracts
A) relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the
olfactory bulb
B) area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate
C) enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons
D) fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex
E) the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves
D) fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex
121
olfactory vesicles
A) relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the
olfactory bulb
B) area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate
C) enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons
D) fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex
E) the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves
C) enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons
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olfactory cortex
A) relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the
olfactory bulb
B) area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate
C) enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons
D) fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex
E) the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves
B) area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate
123
mitral cells
A) relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the olfactory bulb
B) area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate
C) enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons
D) fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex
E) the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves
A) relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the olfactory bulb
124
palpebrea
A) the angle where the eyelids join
B) the space between the two eyelids
C) another name for the eyelids
D) the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids
E) the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye
C) another name for the eyelids
125
palpebral fissure
A) the angle where the eyelids join
B) the space between the two eyelids
C) another name for the eyelids
D) the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids
E) the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye
B) the space between the two eyelids
126
canthi
A) the angle where the eyelids join
B) the space between the two eyelids
C) another name for the eyelids
D) the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids
E) the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye
A) the angle where the eyelids join
127
palpebral
A) the angle where the eyelids join
B) the space between the two eyelids
C) another name for the eyelids
D) the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids
E) the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye
D) the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids
128
bulbar conjunctiva
A) the angle where the eyelids join
B) the space between the two eyelids
C) another name for the eyelids
D) the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids
E) the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye
E) the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye
129
eyebrows
A) lubricate the eyelid
B) protect the eye from falling objects
C) an inflamed ciliary gland
D) small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac
E) inflammation of the conjunctiva
B) protect the eye from falling objects
130
meibomian glands
A) lubricate the eyelid
B) protect the eye from falling objects
C) an inflamed ciliary gland
D) small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac
E) inflammation of the conjunctiva
A) lubricate the eyelid
131
conjunctivitis
A) lubricate the eyelid
B) protect the eye from falling objects
C) an inflamed ciliary gland
D) small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac
E) inflammation of the conjunctiva
E) inflammation of the conjunctiva
132
sty
A) lubricate the eyelid
B) protect the eye from falling objects
C) an inflamed ciliary gland
D) small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac
E) inflammation of the conjunctiva
C) an inflamed ciliary gland
133
lacrimal canaliculi
A) lubricate the eyelid
B) protect the eye from falling objects
C) an inflamed ciliary gland
D) small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac
E) inflammation of the conjunctiva
D) small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac
134
iris
A) photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision
B) photoreceptor cells that function in color vision
C) the opening in the iris
D) the innermost tunic of the eye
E) a pigmented contractile structure
E) a pigmented contractile structure
135
pupil
A) photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision
B) photoreceptor cells that function in color vision
C) the opening in the iris
D) the innermost tunic of the eye
E) a pigmented contractile structure
C) the opening in the iris
136
retina
A) photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision
B) photoreceptor cells that function in color vision
C) the opening in the iris
D) the innermost tunic of the eye
E) a pigmented contractile structure
D) the innermost tunic of the eye
137
rods
A) photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision
B) photoreceptor cells that function in color vision
C) the opening in the iris
D) the innermost tunic of the eye
E) a pigmented contractile structure
A) photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision
138
cones
A) photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision
B) photoreceptor cells that function in color vision
C) the opening in the iris
D) the innermost tunic of the eye
E) a pigmented contractile structure
B) photoreceptor cells that function in color vision
139
macula
A) blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here
B) a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina
C) the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity
D) a jellylike substance in the posterior cavity of the eye
E) the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye
E) the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye
140
fovea contrails
A) blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here
B) a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina
C) the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity
D) a jellylike substance in the posterior cavity of the eye
E) the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye
C) the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity
141
optic disc
A) blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here
B) a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina
C) the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity
D) a jellylike substance in the posterior cavity of the eye
E) the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye
A) blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here
142
aqueous humor
A) blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here
B) a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina
C) the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity
D) a jellylike substance in the posterior cavity of the eye
E) the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye
E) the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye
143
oval window
A) structures that produce earwax
B) fluid in the membranous labyrinth
C) fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth
D) ossicles connect this structure to eardrum
E) connects the middle ear to the pharynx
D) ossicles connect this structure to eardrum
144
auditory tube
A) structures that produce earwax
B) fluid in the membranous labyrinth
C) fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth
D) ossicles connect this structure to eardrum
E) connects the middle ear to the pharynx
E) connects the middle ear to the pharynx
145
ceruminous glands
A) structures that produce earwax
B) fluid in the membranous labyrinth
C) fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth
D) ossicles connect this structure to eardrum
E) connects the middle ear to the pharynx
A) structures that produce earwax
146
perilymph
A) structures that produce earwax
B) fluid in the membranous labyrinth
C) fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth
D) ossicles connect this structure to eardrum
E) connects the middle ear to the pharynx
C) fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth
147
endolymph
A) structures that produce earwax
B) fluid in the membranous labyrinth
C) fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth
D) ossicles connect this structure to eardrum
E) connects the middle ear to the pharynx
B) fluid in the membranous labyrinth
148
organ of Corti
A) organ of hearing
B) passageway from the outside to the eardrum
C) interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone
D) tiny bones in the middle ear
E) connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph
A) organ of hearing
149
bony labyrinth
A) organ of hearing
B) passageway from the outside to the eardrum
C) interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone
D) tiny bones in the middle ear
E) connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph
C) interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone
150
auditory ossicles
A) organ of hearing
B) passageway from the outside to the eardrum
C) interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone
D) tiny bones in the middle ear
E) connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph
D) tiny bones in the middle ear
151
external auditory meatus
A) organ of hearing
B) passageway from the outside to the eardrum
C) interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone
D) tiny bones in the middle ear
E) connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph
B) passageway from the outside to the eardrum
152
tympanic membrane
A) eardrum
B) part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing
C) the pinna and external auditory meatus are part of this
D) fleshy portion of the external ear
E) air-filled space within the temporal bone
A) eardrum
153
auricle
A) eardrum
B) part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing
C) the pinna and external auditory meatus are part of this
D) fleshy portion of the external ear
E) air-filled space within the temporal bone
D) fleshy portion of the external ear
154
inner ear
A) eardrum
B) part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing
C) the pinna and external auditory meatus are part of this
D) fleshy portion of the external ear
E) air-filled space within the temporal bone
B) part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing
155
middle ear
A) eardrum
B) part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing
C) the pinna and external auditory meatus are part of this
D) fleshy portion of the external ear
E) air-filled space within the temporal bone
E) air-filled space within the temporal bone
156
Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to
reach the lateral olfactory area of the brain:
1. olfactory bulb
2. olfactory cortex
3. olfactory epithelium
4. olfactory tract
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 3, 4, 1, 2
C) 1, 4, 2, 3
D) 3, 1, 4, 2
E) 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 3, 1, 4, 2
olfactory epithelium
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
olfactory cortex
157
Arrange the following in correct sequence:
1. gustatory cell depolarizes
2. action potential stimulated in gustatory neurons
3. food substance dissolves in saliva
4. neurotransmitter released by gustatory cell
5. food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on gustatory hair
A) 5, 4, 1, 2, 3
B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
C) 5, 3, 1, 4, 2
D) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
E) 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
food substance dissolves in saliva
food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on gustatory hair
gustatory cell depolarizes
neurotransmitter released by gustatory cell
action potential stimulated in gustatory neurons
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