Ch. 15 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 15 Deck (34)
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1
Q

You are given a graph of position versus time for the simple harmonic motion of a block-spring system. What would you change to shift the curve on the graph along the time axis?

A

Phase constant

2
Q

You are given a graph of position versus time for the simple harmonic motion of a block-spring system. What would you change to change the range of the curve on the graph along the position axis?

A

Amplitude

3
Q

You are given a graph of position versus time for the simple harmonic motion of a block-spring system. What would you change to change the spacing of the peaks of the curve on the graph?

A

Frequency

4
Q

In an expression for simple harmonic motion of a spring-block system, what is the name of the argument of the sinusoidal function?

A

Phase

5
Q

When the position of a block in simple harmonic motion on a spring is zero, what other quantity is also zero?

A

acceleration

6
Q

How do you get the algebraic expression for the velocity of a block in SHM?

A

Take the derivative of the position function.

7
Q

How do you get the algebraic expression for the acceleration of a block in SHM?

A

Take the derivative of the velocity function

8
Q

When the acceleration of a block in simple harmonic motion on a spring is zero, what other quantity is also zero?

A

position

9
Q

When a block in simple harmonic motion is at a point of extreme displacement, which parameter is zero?

A

velocity

10
Q

A block is in simple harmonic motion on a spring. Where is the block when the magnitude of its velocity is greatest?

A

It is at the midpoint of its oscillation.

11
Q

A block is in simple harmonic motion on a spring. Where is the block when the force on it is greatest in magnitude?

A

It is at the point of maximum displacement.

12
Q

A block is in simple harmonic motion on a spring. Where is the block when its acceleration is greatest in magnitude?

A

It is at the point of maximum displacement.

13
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, which stays constant?

A

total energy

14
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, which is maximum at the point of maximum displacement?

A

potential energy

15
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, which is maximum at the point of zero displacement?

A

kinetic energy

16
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, where is the block when the kinetic energy is maximum?

A

It is at the midpoint of its oscillation.

17
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, where is the block when the potential energy is maximum?

A

It is at a point of maximum displacement.

18
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, as the potential energy is increasing, which of the following is true?

The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is increasing.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is decreasing.

The kinetic energy and the total energy are both decreasing.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is constant.

The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is constant.

The kinetic energy and the total energy are both increasing.
A

The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is increasing.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is decreasing.

The kinetic energy and the total energy are both decreasing.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is constant.

---The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is constant.

The kinetic energy and the total energy are both increasing.
19
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, as the potential energy is decreasing, which of the following is true?

The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is constant.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is constant.

The kinetic energy and the total energy are both increasing.

The kinetic energy and the total energy are both decreasing.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is decreasing.

The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is increasing
A

The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is constant.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is constant.

--The kinetic energy and the total energy are both increasing.

The kinetic energy and the total energy are both decreasing.

The kinetic energy is increasing and the total energy is decreasing.

The kinetic energy is decreasing and the total energy is increasing
20
Q

In the simple harmonic motion of a block on a spring, as the kinetic energy is increasing, which of the following is true?

The potential energy is decreasing and the total energy is increasing.

The potential energy is increasing and the total energy is constant.

The potential energy is decreasing and the total energy is constant.

The potential energy and the total energy are both increasing.

The potential energy and the total energy are both decreasing.

The potential energy is increasing and the total energy is decreasing
A

The potential energy is decreasing and the total energy is increasing.

The potential energy is increasing and the total energy is constant.

---The potential energy is decreasing and the total energy is constant.

The potential energy and the total energy are both increasing.

The potential energy and the total energy are both decreasing.

The potential energy is increasing and the total energy is decreasing
21
Q

In angular simple harmonic motion, what is the restoring torque proportional to?

A

the negative of the angular displacement

22
Q

In angular simple harmonic motion, if we increase the torsion constant, what happens to the period of oscillation?

A

decreases

23
Q

In angular simple harmonic motion, if we increase the rotational inertia, what happens to the period of oscillation?

A

increases

24
Q

In the swinging of a simple pendulum with string and a bob, which of the following tends to return the pendulum to the equilibrium position?

A

the component of the gravitational force that is perpendicular to the length of the pendulum

25
Q

In the swinging of a simple pendulum, what is the angular acceleration proportional to?

A

the negative of the angular displacement

26
Q

In small-angle swinging of a simple pendulum, on what does the period of the motion depend?

A

pendulum length

27
Q

What is the main distinction between a simple pendulum and a physical pendulum?

A

The period of a simple pendulum does not depend on mass distribution within pendulum’s shape but that of a physical pendulum does.

28
Q

In a damped harmonic oscillator, which function gives energy as a function of time?

A

exponential with a negative argument of time

29
Q

How does the damping in a damped harmonic oscillator affect the angular frequency of the motion?

A

It decreases the angular frequency relative to the undamped value.

30
Q

In this section which of the following do we assume about the damping force?

It is proportional to the negative of the displacement.
It is proportional to the negative of the acceleration.
It is proportional to the negative of the velocity.
A

It is proportional to the negative of the displacement.

It is proportional to the negative of the acceleration.

--It is proportional to the negative of the velocity.
31
Q

In this section which of the following do we assume about the damping force?

It is proportional to the negative of the displacement.

It is proportional to the negative of the second time derivative of the displacement.

It is proportional to the negative of the first time derivative of the displacement.

A

It is proportional to the negative of the displacement.

It is proportional to the negative of the second time derivative of the displacement.

–It is proportional to the negative of the first time derivative of the displacement.

32
Q

At resonance in forced oscillations, how do the natural angular frequency and the driving angular frequency compare?

A

The natural angular frequency is equal to the driving angular frequency.

33
Q

In a plot of the amplitude versus the ratio of ωd / ω, what does an increase in damping do to the resonance peak?

A

gives a shorter and wider peak

34
Q

In forced oscillations, when does the natural angular frequency equal the driving angular frequency?

A

At resonance