CH 15: Cardiovascular

Question 1

Circuit pertaining to the right side of the heart.

Answer 1

Pulmonary Circuit

Question 2

Circuit pertaining to the left side of the heart

Answer 2

Systemic Circuit

Question 3

Always carries blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated but with 1 exception.

Answer 3

Arteries except Pulmonary Artery

Question 4

Color of oxygenated blood

Answer 4

Red

Question 5

Carries blood to the heart, usually deoxygenated with 1 exception

Answer 5

Veins except pulmonary veins.

Question 6

What is the name and color of the artery that leads blood into the lungs

Answer 6

Pulmonary artery, blue

Question 7

What is the name of the veins that carry blood from the lungs to the heart, and what color are they?

Answer 7

Pulmonary veins, red.

Question 8

Blockage to the right side of the heart would cause edema where?

Answer 8

Legs

Question 9

Blockage to the left side of the heart would cause edema where?

Answer 9

Lungs

Question 10

What is back pressure

Answer 10

The pressure of the blood to come back into the heart from the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary semilunar valve.

Question 11

Why are the right and left side of the heart different sizes?

Answer 11

The left side is bigger because it has to overcome backpressure and because blood in the right side of the heart has already been through the body and lost volume, the left side pumps full volume requiring more muscle work causing that side to be larger.

Question 12

Short valve connecting fetal pulmonary artery to the aorta

Answer 12

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 13

Fetal opening in the heart that lets blood directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.

Answer 13

Foramen Ovale

Question 14

REMNANT of fetal heart opening

Answer 14

Fossa Ovalis

Question 15

a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and is essential for normal fetal circulation

Answer 15

Ductus venous

Question 16

The heart is between which ribs?

Answer 16

2nd & 6th ribs.

Question 17

Middle of the heart is called

Answer 17

Mediastinum

Question 18

List the 3 layers of the wall of the heart.

Answer 18

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (visceral pericardium)

Question 19

3 layers that cover the wall of the heart

Answer 19

Visceral Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium

Question 20

Define Blood pressure

Answer 20

Pressure on artery walls

Question 21

describe systole

Answer 21

Heart muscles contract, chambers pump blood

Question 22

describe diastole

Answer 22

heart muscles relax, chambers fill with blood

Question 23

How long is a cardiac cycle?

Answer 23

.8 -1 second long

Question 24

another name for cardiac muscle fibers

Answer 24

functional syncytium

Question 25

Atrial walls AKA

Answer 25

Atrial syncytium

Question 26

Ventricular walls AKA

Answer 26

Ventricular syncytium

Question 27

Natural pace maker of the heart and its BPM

Answer 27

Sinoatrial node 60-80bpm

Question 28

Node below SA node and its BPM

Answer 28

Atrioventricular node 50-70

Question 29

Name the bundle and its bpm

Answer 29

Atrioventricular bundle 40-60 bpm

Question 30

Unique muscle cells that generate action potential by themselves to keep the heart beating rhythmically.

Answer 30

Autorhythmicity

Question 31

What is happening during a P Wave?

Answer 31

Atrial depolarization

Question 32

What is happening during QRS wave?

Answer 32

Ventricular depolarization/ Atrial polarization

Question 33

What happens during T wave?

Answer 33

Ventricular repolarization

Question 34

Another name for pressure

Answer 34

Baro

Question 35

Is BP sympathetic or parasympathetic

Answer 35

Sympathetic

Question 36

Name the 2 baroreceptors and their function.

Answer 36

Carotid baroreceptors, aortic baroreceptors. They tell the brain to trigger sympathetic or parasympathetic to raise or lower BP

Question 37

Where is the cardiac center in the brain?

Answer 37

Medulla

Question 38

Compare the following: Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

Answer 38

Arteries carry blood away from heart, flows into arterioles then to capillaries where the sites exchange substances between blood and body cells, venules then receive the blood from capillaries and carry them into veins where the blood is carried back to the heart.

Question 39

Name 2 differences between veins and arteries.

Answer 39

Arteries have a thicker tunic media, veins have valves

Question 40

3 Veins/Artery layers

Answer 40

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica interna

Question 41

Compare the pressure in Arterioles and Venules

Answer 41

Arterial pressure is higher, venule has poorly developed middle wall.

Question 42

Factors in venous blood return. (4)

Answer 42

Valves Smooth muscle contraction skeletal muscle contraction Respiratory movement

Question 43

Max pressure exerted against the walls of a vessel during a ventricular contraction

Answer 43

Systolic Pressure

Question 44

Max pressure when ventricles relax

Answer 44

Diastolic Pressure

Question 45

Formula for Cardia Output

Answer 45

CO=Stroke Volume x HR

Question 46

Formula for BP

Answer 46

BP=Cardiac Output x Peripheral resistance

Question 47

Factors that raise arteriole BP

Answer 47

``` BP HR increase Stroke Volume increase blood viscosity Peripheral resistance increase ```

Question 48

Medulla stimulates parasympathetic to ____ BP.

Answer 48

lower

Question 49

Medulla stimulates sympathetic to ____ BP.

Answer 49

Raise