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Med Term > Ch 15 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Ch 15 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

function of endocrine system

A

regulates body activities by working with the nervous system

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2
Q

dys-

A

bad, impaired

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3
Q

meaning of hyposecretion

A

defieciency

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4
Q

meaning of hypersecretion

A

excess

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5
Q

endo-

A

inside

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6
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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7
Q

glands that have the ability to manufacture or release chemical substances

A

hormones

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8
Q

ductless and secrete their hormones into the bloodstream

A

endocrine glands

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9
Q

open onto a body surface and discharge their secretions through ducts (not a part of the endocrine system)

A

exocrine glands

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10
Q

exo-

A

outside

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11
Q

the organ or structure toward which the effects of a hormone are primarily directed

A

target organ

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12
Q

nicknames the “master gland”

A

pituitary gland aka hypophysis

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13
Q

endocrine glands release hormones in one of two ways

A
  1. hormones are released in response to the nervous system
  2. pituitary produces stimulating (tropic) hormones that act on endocrine glands, which then produce hormones
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14
Q

hypo-

A

below

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15
Q

-physis

A

growth

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16
Q

other endocrine glands

A

pineal gland, thyroids, parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes

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17
Q

gland that uses info regarding changing light levels to adjust its output of the hormone melatonin, helping control circadian rhythms and also the function of females’ ovaries

A

pineal gland

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18
Q

para-

A

near or beside

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19
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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20
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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21
Q

andr/o

A

male or masculine

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22
Q

gigant/o

A

giant

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23
Q

gonad/o

A

gonad

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24
Q

insulin/o

A

insulin

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25
Q

iod/o

A

iodine

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26
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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27
Q

pacreat/o

A

pancreas

28
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroids

29
Q

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

30
Q

ren/o, nephr/o

A

kidney

31
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

32
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

33
Q

-gen

A

beginning, origin

34
Q

-physis

A

growth

35
Q

-tropic

A

stimulate

36
Q

-tropin

A

that which stimulates

37
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

38
Q

hormone: adrenaline
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

adrenals; potent stimulation of “fight or flight”; increasing blood pressure and cardiac output

39
Q

hormone: androgen (testosterone)
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

testicle; development and maintenance of masculinizing characteristics

40
Q

hormone: antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

pituitary (synthesized by the hypothalamus); suppression of urine formation

41
Q

hormone: cortisone
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

adrenals; important in regulation of body metabolism

42
Q

hormone: estrogens (female sex hormone; includes estradiol and estrone)
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

ovaries (primarily); during menstrual cycle, act on the female genitalia to produce a suitable site for fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of the early embryo

43
Q

hormone: growth hormone
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

pituitary; stimulation of body growth and maintenance of size once growth has been obtained

44
Q

hormone: insulin
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

pancreas; regulation of blood glucose by coordinating with other hormones

45
Q

hormone: thyroxine
What endocrine gland? Function?

A

thyroid; cell metabolism

46
Q

abnormally increased activity of the thyroid

A

hyperthyroidism

47
Q

ex-

A

outward

48
Q

eu-

A

normal

49
Q

decreased activity of the thyroid

A

hypothyroidism

50
Q

disorder associated with a deficiency of ADH produced by the pituitary gland or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH

A

diabetes insipidus

51
Q

disorder in which there is abnormal enlargement of the extremities of the skeleton – nose, jaws, fingers, and toes – caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone after maturity

A

acromegaly

52
Q

tumor of a gland

A

adenoma

53
Q

condition caused by congenital deficiency of thyroid secretion and marked by arrested physical and mental development

A

cretinism

54
Q

disease caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone sizing childhood; causes a person to be much smaller than normal size

A

dwarfism

55
Q

condition in which a person reaches an abnormal stature; results from a hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood

A

gigantism

56
Q

excessive secretion of insulin by the pancreas, which causes hypoglycemia

A

hyperinsulinism

57
Q

increased activity of the parathyroid glands

A

hyperparathyroidism

58
Q

abnormally low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

59
Q

decreased activity of the parathyroid glands

A

hypoparathyroidism

60
Q

diminished activity of the pituitary gland

A

hypopituitarism

61
Q

condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland, characterized by a dry, waxy swelling of the skin

A

myxedema

62
Q

morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion

A

thyrotoxicosis

63
Q

surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis/pituitary

A

hypophysectomy

64
Q

excision of the thyroid

A

thyroidectomy

65
Q

excision of an adrenal gland

A

adrenalectomy

66
Q

excision/removal of a gland

A

adenectomy

Med Term (18 decks)

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