Ch. 15 med terms definition format Flashcards
1
Q
ametropia
A
error of refraction-exists when light rays fail to focus sharply on the retina
2
Q
hyperopia, hypermetropia
A
farsightedness
3
Q
presbyopia
A
a form of farsightednessdefect associated with agingdistant objects are seen clearly, but near objects are not in proper focus
4
Q
astigmatism (Ast)
A
the cornea or lens has a defective curvature
5
Q
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
A
procedure that changes the shape of the cornea
6
Q
myopia
A
if eyeball is too long and the image falls in front of the retina causing near-sightedness
7
Q
cataracts
A
opacities that form on the lens and impair vision
8
Q
phacoemulsification
A
treatment for cataracts that is removal of the clouded lens by emulsifying it using ultrasound or a laser probe
9
Q
small incision cataract surgery (SICS)
A
method where cataract is broken into very small particles that can be removed through the tiny incision
10
Q
Glaucoma
A
increased IOP caused by the failure of aqueous humor to drain from the eye through a tiny duct called the canal of Schlemm
11
Q
chronic form of glaucoma (also known as open-angle, simple, wide-angle glaucoma)
A
gradual loss of peripheral vision over a period of years
12
Q
acute form of glaucoma (also known as angle-closure or narrow- angle glaucoma)
A
extreme ocular pain, blurred vision, redness of eye, dilationof the pupil
13
Q
tonometry
A
screening test that measures intraocular pressure by determining the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force
14
Q
tonometer
A
device used to measure IOP
15
Q
gonioscope
A
device that visualizes the anterior chamber angle, expand the scope of the examination
16
Q
applanation tonometry
A
using a slit lamp to measure IOP
17
Q
miotics
A
medications that cause the pupils to constrict
18
Q
strabismus ( also called heterotropia or tropia)
A
condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other and the eyes do not focus simultaneously when viewing an object
19
Q
esotropia
A
inward deviation of eye
20
Q
exotropia
A
outward deviation of eye
21
Q
stereopsis
A
binocular perception of depth or three-dimensional space
22
Q
amblyopia
A
lazy-eye syndrome-vision is depressed in the lazy eye so that the child only uses the good eye
23
Q
macular degeneration
A
deterioration of the macula, the most sensitive portion of the retina
24
Q
age-related macular degeneration (ARMD, AMD)
A
most common form of macular degeneration, disease is unpredictable and progresses differently in each individual
25
wet or neovascular ARMD
more severe form of ARMD, small blood vessels form under macula and fluids leak from the vessels and destroy the visual cells, severe loss of central vision
26
laser photocoagulation
treatment for wet or neovascular ARMD
27
Dry ARMD
common form of ARMD, small yellowish deposits called drusen develop on the macula and interfere with central vision
28
drusen
dried retinal pigment epithelial cells that form granules on the macula
29
synalgia
referred pain
30
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
31
otopyorrhea
draining of pus from the ear
32
mastoiditis
infection of the mastoid process
33
otoencephalitis
inflammation of brain tissue near the middle ear
34
analgesics
medication to relieve pain
35
myringotomy, tympanotomy
incision of the eardrum
36
pressure-equalizing tubes (PE tubes)
usual treatment for children with recurrent ear infection utilizing tubes that pass through the tympanic membrane-tubes drain fluid from middle ear
37
ankylosis
abnormal hardening
38
otosclerosis
disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bones of the middle ear that cause hearing loss
39
tinnitus
perceived ringing sound within the ear
40
stapedectomy, stapedotomy
surgical correction involving removing part of the stapes and implanting a prosthetic device that allows sound waves to pass to inner ear
41
retinoblastoma
neoplastic disease that tends to be familial, cell involved is the retinal neuron, vision is impaired
42
bilateral
both sides EX: both eyes
43
melanoma
neoplastic disease of the pigmented cells of the choroid, asymptomatic until there is a hemorrhage into the anterior chamber
44
enucleation
removal of an eye
45
achromatopsia
complete color blindness
46
chalazion
small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst
47
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye; may be secondary to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or allergy
48
convergence
medial movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed
49
diopter (D)
measurement of refractive error
50
ectropion
eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid
51
emmetropia (Em)
state of normal vision
52
entropion
inversion or inward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid
53
epiphora
abnormal overflow of tears
54
exophthalmos
protrusion of one or both eyeballs
55
hordeolum
localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called stye
56
metamorphopsia
visual distortion of objects
57
nyctalopia
night blindness
58
nystagmus
involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision
59
papilledema
edema and hyperemia of the optic disc usually associated with increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disc
60
photophobia
unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light
61
presbyopia
loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process
62
retinopathy
any disorder of retinal blood vessels
63
trachoma
chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in the southwestern United States that typically leads to blindness
64
visual field
area within which objects may be seen when the eye is in a fixed position
65
anacusis
complete deafness; also called anacusia
66
conduction impairment
blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear
67
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process
68
Meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing
69
noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are "too long, too loud, or too close"
70
otitis externa
infection of the external auditory canal
71
presbyacusis
impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called presbyacusia
72
pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes
tubes that are inserted through the tympanic membrane, commonly to treat chronic otitis media; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes
73
tinnitus
perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present
74
vertigo
hallucination of movement, or a feeling of spinning or dizziness
75
audiometry
measurement of hearing acuity at various sound wave frequencies
76
caloric stimulation test
test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo
77
electronystagmography (ENG)
method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles
78
ophthalmodynamometry
measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels
79
tonometry
evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force
80
visual acuity (VA) test
part of an eye examination that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet
81
gonioscopy
examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma
82
ophthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye using a hand-held instrument which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interior of the eye
83
otoscopy
visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope
84
retinoscopy
evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays
85
dacryocystography
radiographic imaging procedures of the nasolacrimal glands and ducts
86
fluorescein angiography
assesses blood vessels and their leakage in a beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye
87
orthoptic training
exercises intended to improve eye movements or visual tracking that use training glasses, prism glasses, or tinted or colored lenses
88
blepharoplasty
cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above or below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to sun
89
cochlear implant
artifical hearing device that produces useful hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear; also called bionic ear
90
cyclodialysis
formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma
91
enucleation
removal of the eyeball from the orbit
92
evisceration
removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea intact
93
mastoid antrotomy
surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process
94
otoplasty
corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna
95
phacoemulsification
method of trating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed
96
radial keratotomy (RK)
incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism
97
sclerostomy
surgical formation of an opening in the sclera
98
tuning fork test
method use to evaluate sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork
99
Rinne tuning fork test
tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound
100
weber tuning fork test
tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time
101
tympanoplasty
reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty
102
ye antibiotics, opthalmic antibioticsGeneric and Trade Names:-erythromycin base
inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye
103
antiglaucoma agentsGeneric and Trade Names:-timolol-acetazolamide
decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and the cornea
104
mydriaticsGeneric and Trade Names:-atropine sulfate
drugs that disrupt parasympathetic nerve supply to the eye or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing the pupil to dilate
105
ophthalmic decongestantsGeneric and Trade Names:-tetrahydrozoline(Murine, Visine)
constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion
106
ophthalmic moisturizersGeneric and Trade Names:-buffered isotonic solutions (Akwa Tears, Moisture Eyes)
soothe dry eyes due to environmental irritants and allergens
107
ear antiemeticsGeneric and Trade Names;-meclizine(Antrizine, Bonine, Meni-D)
treat and prevent nausea,vomiting, dizziness and vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli from reaching the part of the brain that triggers nausea and vomiting
108
procedure that assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure
pneumatic otoscopy
109
refers to the wet form of macular degeneration
neovascular
110
provide temporary relief from earache
otic analgesics
111
esotropia
ST
112
loosen and help remove impacted cerumen
wax emulsifiers
113
exotropia
XT
