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Health Assessment > Ch 15: Nose, sinuses, mouth, throat > Flashcards

Ch 15: Nose, sinuses, mouth, throat Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the nose an upper respiratory system

A

Warm, filter and humidified air

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2
Q

What is the structure of the nose (sinuses) in relation to the osteomeatal complex
(What empties where)

A

The frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses empty into the nasal cavity

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3
Q

What artery supplies the blood to the nose

What is vital to do after nasal Surgery/ throat/ bronchoscopy/endoscopy in relation to bleeding

A

Branches of the internal and external carotid arteries supply blood to nose

After nasal surgery assess the patient’s nasal drip pad for any bleeding and assess of the patient is continuously swallowing
-Nasal drip pad and continuous swallowing indicate bleeding as a patient is swallowing blood

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4
Q

What is the cranial nerve that pertains to the nose And what does it test

A

CN 1 olfactory pertains to the nose

It tests sense of smell

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5
Q

What do the sinuses provide in relation to the voice

Use medical term

A

The sinuses provide

Timbre: Quality and sound of voice and sinuses also produces mucus

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6
Q

What areas are affected by chronic sinusitis in the nasal bones

A

The superior, middle, inferior turbinate are areas affected by chronic sinusitis

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7
Q

What are adenoids and where can They be found

A

Adenoids are lymphoid tissue

Found in:

  • roof of nasopharynx
  • lateral to estachian tube
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8
Q

What is absolutely vital to consider when a patient has an upper respiratory infection in relation to appettite

A

 upper respiratory infections obstructs the olfactory sensory receptors and that can impair sense of smell and taste

Within impaired sense of smell and taste due to the obstruction patient may develop anorexia

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9
Q

When assessing the nose and sinuses what is important to note
(Colds and patent)

A 
Mucosal swelling (Cold‘s)
Any blocked nasal passages
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10
Q

How do you assess the sinuses

What are the three sinuses

A

You assess the sinuses with direct percussion in the frontal, ethmoid, maxillary sinuses

The three sinuses are:

  • frontal: above brow
  • ethmoid: between eyes
  • maxillary: below eyes
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11
Q

What are the cranial nerves that assist in the mouth and throat And what do you test when you take them

A

CN9 (glossopharyngeal)
Sensory: taste
Motor: swallow

CNN 10 (Vagus)
Sensory and motor: bilateral gag reflex
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12
Q

What is the function of the mouth

In the mouth where can you find the hard roof, soft palette and what are each used for

A

Provide sense of taste, chewing, speech articulation

Hard roof found anterior
-Use for feeding and speech

Soft palate found posterior
-aids in speech and pronunciation
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13
Q

What is the structure that connects the tongue to the sublingual pallet

A

The lingua frenulum Connect the tongue to the sublingual pallet

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14
Q

What is the medical term for tastebuds and what happens if there is an injury or disturbance to your taste buds

What is the tongue considered of most

A

Taste buds a.k.a. “Vallate papille”

Is there’s injury or disturbances taste buds there is no sense of taste anymore

The tongue is one of the most vascular muscles

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15
Q

What is the Vermilion border

What are the taste buds found in the interior portion of the tongue




A

The Vermillion border is the junction between the lip and the skin (the little indentation)

Taste buds of sweet, buttery and salty can be found in the interior portion of the tongue

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16
Q

How do you test to see uvula rising how do you document normal finding

What would be an abnormal finding

A

To test Uvula rising you have the patient say “ahhh”

Normal finding: uvula rises equally

Abnormal: uvula rises to one side


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17
Q

Give the three salivary ducts and how much saliva we produce a Day 

A
  1. Parotid: from second molar to inferior jaw (skeenes)
  2. Submandibular (whartons)
  3. Sublingual

We produce 2000 to 4000 mL of saliva every day

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18
Q

How many teeth should a 2 1/2-year-old have and what kind of teeth

How many teeth should an adult have

A

2 1/2 YOA: all 20 deciduous teeth “milk teeth”

Adult: 32 permanent teeth

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19
Q

What is a common condition found in relation to the gums of the teeth and what are a few causes

(NAME BIGGEST ONE )

A

In relation to the gums gingival hyperplasia: is excessive gum overgrowth

Causes include medications or hereditary
MEDS: 
-phenytoin ( dilatin) ***
-immunosuppressants
-calcium channel blockers
-Cephalosporins
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20
Q

What is the medical name for your throat and Where does your throat begin

A

Throat a.k.a. ortho pharynx begins at the border of the soft palate

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21
Q

What else are the tonsils known as

Where are the adenoids located

Together what do the tonsils and adenoids provide

What is a common misconception about their removal

A

Tonsils otherwise known as anterior/posterior pillars

Adenoids located where nose connects to throat

Together the tonsils and add annoyed‘s provide immunological defense

Common misconception:Removal of tonsils or adenoids does not increase risk of infection

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22
Q

Describe tonsillitis, what it would look like, what it causes

Give the rating scale of tonsil size

A

Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils that would cause tender lymph nodes

Tonsils would be red, swollen, having tender lymph nodes

Tonsil size rating
•+1: covers 0–25% of airway 
•+2: covers 25–50% of airway
•+3: covers 50–75% of airway
•+4: covers 75–100% obstruction of midline
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23
Q

What is the condition xerostomia

Why does it occur

What is it related to

And when a persons teeth removed why is it done (to prevent what)

A

Xerostomia =dry mouth

occurs because of a decrease in saliva production

Related to:

  • emotional response
  • aging
  • damage/obstruction
  • radiation (CA of jaw/head)

Often with patients who are undergoing radiation for cancer of the jaw and head there is an option to remove the teeth to prevent tooth decay infection they would otherwise lead to ask you radial necrosis which is bone death of Jaw

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24
Q

What is the percentage of cavity increased incidence in children and what specific population

A

There’s a 43% Hispanic increase in cavity incidences among children

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25
What is gustatory rhinitis
Gustatory rhinitis is a runny nose
26
What are normal lifespan considerations for older adults ``` Runny Smell Mouth water Buds Teeth Teeth align ```
``` Gustatory rrhinitis  decrease in olfactory sensory fibers -decrease sense of smell Decrease saliva production (XERSTOMIA) Decrease number of taste buds Tooth loss Malocclusion: over/under bites ```
27
# Define gingivitis What cultural groups is gingivitis most common in and why
Gingivitis: information/bleeding gums Gingivitis most common in: - Hispanic adults*** - alaskans/Native Americans/those in lower socioeconomic classes Gingivitis occurs because of a lack of dental visits
28
What is the ratio of children who get cleft lip in the world and who is most common to get clef lip What is the ratio of people who get minor cleft
Cleft lip happens in 1/800 Children More noted in N/A and Asians 1/250 get minor clift
29
What is the fourth most common malignancy Who is this malignancy most common in and why Who is most likely to die from this malignancy (Redneck)
ORAL and pharyngeal cancers  are the most common malignnities Oral and pharyngeal cancers most common in Caucasians because of tobacco use African Americans are more likely to die from oral and pharyngeal cancers because of tobacco use
30
What population has an increased risk of sleep apnea
Those were obese have an increased risk of sleep apnea
31
What are pregnant women most likely to have an increased risk of in relation to the nose Nose Sinus Blood Gums
- increased nasal congestion - increased sinus infection - increased epistaxis :nose bleeds - Increased gum hyper trophy (gingival hyperplasia)
32
 | What is the term used to describe carcinomas and why do you carcinomas occur
Carcinomas are painful Due to heavy tobacco and alcohol use
33
What is the function of saliva 3 things
1. Provides lubrication 2. protects oral Macosa 3. rinses oral cavity
34
What is epistaxis What can it be result of how its it treated Where does Epistaxis originate from
Epistaxis is a nose bleed Results from: - trauma: apply pressure and ice - HTN: Assess BP and control Epistaxis originate from KIESSELBACH PLEXUS
35
What is Ludwig angina Causes and what. it creates 
 Ludwig angina is an infection of the mouth floor causing Edema pushing the tongue up and back Creating an airway obstruction
36
Who is a high alert aspiration patient, what position must they maintain What are risk factors for aspiration
High alert aspiration patients are tube feeding patients Who must remain in high Fowlers Risk factors for aspiration include: - blood - teeth swallowing - edema to tongue
37
What can an abrupt loss of smell indicate And what kind of assessment is it
An abrupt loss of smell can indicate a brain tumor which is an urgent assessment
38
After what kind of surgery are you worried about a bleeding risk and aspiration and what do you check
After nose, throat, bronchoscopy, endoscopy you want to assess patient for nasal drip pad and continually swallowing as it can cause aspiration
39
What are normal findings when it comes to NG tube insertions What situation would not allow for an NG tube insertion
Normal findings: no issues A deviated septum would not allow for the passing of an NG tube
40
What are signs of a basilar skull fracture How to basilar skull fracture’s originate Where exactly is he basilar skull fracture located
Signs: - Battle sign: echymosis to mastoid - raccoon eyes: echymosis to Peri orbital area - clear drainage from ears and or nose Location: fracture of middle cranial fossa of skull
41
What do you want to teach a patient with heart valve disease
It’s vital to teach a patient with heart valve disease to take a prophylactic antibiotic before dental surgery
42
Give a few risk factors within subjective data for the nose, sinuses, mouth, throat ``` Personal Meds FAM Risk F Dental Psychosocial Environmental ```
Personal - how often do they suffer from URI - any allergies, anaphylaxis, EpiPen Medications/supplements - antibiotic use causes thrush CANDIDIASIS - any white patches - anticoagulant if epistaxis - phenytoin (dilantin) if gingival hyperplasia Family history  Risk factors -smoker, chew tobacco dental health - frequent cleanings, - brush/floss 2X a day Psychosocial history -Alcoholism, piercings, cocaine Environmental exposure -Wearing mask with chemicals like paint, chlorine, toxic mold 
43
What can use of cocaine cause within the nose
Nasal septum perf otherwise known as the process of nasal septum
44
What is vital to ask alcoholics and smokers every single time you see them
Ask alcoholics and smokers every single time you see them if they’re interested in stopping smoking or drinking
45
What are health goals in relation to the nose, sinuses, mouth , throat Think RISK FACTORS
Get smokers to stop smoking Get alcoholics to stop drinking
46
As a risk factor For heavy tobacco use what do you need to assess for on the tongue How do you document the number of your smoked and the packs of cigarettes a day
For tobacco users assess for leukoplakia which is discoloration on the side of the tongue Leukoplakia is associated with oral cancer You document for smokers “ # of pack years ” -packs per day X how many years = Number of Pack years
47
When assessing sleep disorders as a risk factor who do you get the information from what information are you looking for define it
For sleep disorders as a respector you get the information from the sleeping partner Information you’re looking for is any sleep apnea: dont breathe for 20 seconds
48
What cancer risk factors are you assessing for Where does this cancer originate from What are causes of this type of cancer And what is the percentage these causes increase the occurrence of cancer
Cancer risk factors you’re setting for our oropharyngeal cancer‘s Originate in squamous cell Causes include: - alcoholism - heavy tobacco use - HPV Related causes increase cancer of oropharyngeal by 60%
49
Give the definition of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Chronic nosebleeds due to thin vessels in nose wall
50
What are a few strategies you can use to control hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia + 2 diet strategies
1. Room humidification 2. Nasal creams, Salines or gels for moisture DIET 1. Decrease in salicyates (spicy) 2. avoid salicyate meds and toothpaste 
51
What is thrush also known as What does thrush look like What causes thrush 2 things What do you want to teach her patient about thrush
Thrush a.k.a. candidiasis Thrush looks like white patches over tongue Cause by: 1. Antibiotics 2. Corticosteroids Teach patients to eat yogurt to replace coral Florida
52
What is the main cause of gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin (dilantin) 
53
What do those who suffer from frequent allergies develop and what is it associated with What does it look like
Those who suffer from frequent allergies may develop transference Ridge associated with allergic rhinorrhea (allergies) Looks like a line or a bump over your nose
54
common symptoms related to the nose sinuses mouth and throat due to sinusitis
Facial pressure, pain, headaches
55
What can sleep apnea cause an increase risk for
MI, CVA, BP risk
56
Give a common symptoms for nose, sinus, mouth, throat
1. Facial pressure, paying, headache Snoring, sleep apnea, obstructive breathing Nasal congestion, epistaxis Halitosis, anosmia  cough, pharyngitis dysphasia, dental pain
57
What can nasal congestion plus a upper respiratory tract infection alter and cause
Nasal congestion and an upper respiratory tract infection can alter taste and smell causing anorexia
58
What is halitosis What are causes of halitosis
Halitosis is foul breath caused by infection of mouth, cavities, tooth decay
59
What is anosmia What is the lifespan consideration among older populations for anosmia What can anosmia in older populations lead to What is a safety risk with anosmia in older populations
Anosmia is the loss of smell Older adults have anosmia attributed to age Announce me an older populations can lead to a decrease in appetite that leads to anorexia The safety issue with anosmia is that food may be expired or have an older and older populations are not able to smell or taste it so they get sick
60
What are common signs and symptoms with pharyngitis
Franchitis presents with the inflammation of the fairings with a sore throat
61
What is dysphasia and water causes
Dysphasia is difficulty swallowing can be caused by radiation or CV eight (stroke)
62
 during the comprehensive physical assessment what are you noting ``` External nose Internal nose Sinuses Mouth Throat Swallowing evaluation ```
External -transference Ridge Internal -polyps deviations or patency Sinuses -Direct percussion on ultra sinuses for any pain or tenderness Mouth -any candidiasis throat - infection - tonsil scale Swallowing eval
63
Who does a swallowing evaluation, what patients are referred to the specialist and what may be required
Speech pathologists do swallowing evaluations if a patient has dysphasia Thickening of liquid may be required
64
What can a mouth over closer cause
Angular colitis which is just a mouth tearing on the side (like joker)
65
Who is TBmore common in
TB most common in immigrants
66
When we’re assessing a tongue what are we assassing as far as it’s appearance What are tongue fissures known as and what do they look like 
Treating her parents were assessing its shine, if there are any deficiencies in - riboflavin - folic acid - vitamin B Tongue fissures are known as a scrotal tongue -Looks like a cracked tongue
67
What are polyps in the nose and how do you fix them
Polyps or non-cancerous growths in the nasal passage fix with corticosteroids or surgery if they don’t shrink
68
Who is strep throat most common in (what ages) & how do you confirm infection
Stripped out most common in children 5 to 15 YOA Confirm test using RSS: rapid strep swab
69
Call my love studies for nose, sinuses, mouth, throat include
WBC, culture sensitivity, RSS, allergy tests Even chest x-ray for persistent cough
70
What are nursing outcomes in relation to nose, sinus, mouth, throat
Oral mucous membranes pink and intact Patient swallows without evidence of aspiration Patient reports breathing more comfortable
71
What are nursing diagnosis related to nose, mouth, sinus, throat
Impaired dentition Impaired oral mucous membranes  Impaired swallowing Ineffective breathing
72
What are nursing interventions related to nose, sinus, mouth, throat
Provide oral hygiene every 8 hours and teach Consult with speech pathologist to evaluate swallowing Encourage flu increased to 2 L to liquor five secretions
73
What are you always want to assess for in relation to respiratory status and airwaves striction
- teeth - bleeding - tongue for edema - foreign body
74
What is C. Albicans
Candidiasis
75
Define Rosenmuller’s fossa
Bilateral projections of the nasopharynx just below the skull bone
76
What is another name for Wharton’s duct What is another name for Stensen’s duct
Submandibular ducts Parotid duct
77
Define a chalazion How it compares to a stye Hoe its treated Its other name
A cyst in the eyelid resulting from inflammation of the meibomian gland Bigger and painless than a stye Treatment required  Aka : meibomian gland

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