Ch. 15 Protists

Question 1

Heteroknots

Answer 1

group of flagellated, mostly algae/diatom species

Question 2

Photoplankton (phytoplankton)

Answer 2

photosynthetic algae+cyanobacteria found near the surface of the ocean

Question 3

Zooplankton

Answer 3

microscopic animals that swim or drift near the ocean surface, feed on phytoplankton

Question 4

Euglenoids

Answer 4

biflagellate, mvmt towards flagellum, contain chloroplasts, 1/3 photosynthetic
Storage: paramylon
Pigments: a, b, carotenoids

Question 5

Pellicle

Answer 5

protein strips in spiral surrounding cell (beneath membrane)

Question 6

Eyespot (stigma)

Answer 6

(protists) detect light for optimal photosynthesis, move towards light

Question 7

Phylum Cryptophyta (cryptomonads)

Answer 7

cold water, 4 membranes surrounding chloroplast w/ nucleomorph
Pigments: phycobilins

Question 8

Phylum Haptophyta:

Answer 8

Haptophytes
marine phytoplankton; have haptonema and coccoliths
Pigments: fucoxanthin

Question 9

Haptonema

Answer 9

Extension protruding from coccolithophores that may have to do with feeding or protection.

Question 10

Coccoliths

Answer 10

calcium carbonate button like structures on members of phylum haptophyta

Question 11

Dinoflagellates

Answer 11

plant-like protist that causes red tide and bioluminescence
biflagellate (spin like top), contain theca
Symbiote in zooxanthellae in coral
Storage: starch
Pigments: a, b, carotenoid peridinin

Question 12

Class Bacillariophyceae:

Answer 12

frustules like petri dish; 2 types centric (radially sym) and pennate (bi-lateral sym), make up diatomaceous earth
Storage: chrysolaminarin
Pigments: a, b, carotenoids, fucoxanthin

Question 13

Class Chyrsophyceae: Golden Algae

Answer 13

freshwater photosynthetic organisms
Storage: chrysolaminarin
Pigments: fucoxanthin

Question 14

Class Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae)

Answer 14

fresh water, non motile, cell walls have cellulose
Storage: oil
Pigments: a, c

Question 15

Class Phaeophyceae (brown algae)

Answer 15

big kelps! cold marine shores, contain holdfast, stipe, blade, floats, source of algin
Storage: laminarin, mannitol
Pigments: a, c, fucoxanthin

Question 16

Phylum Rhodophyta: Red Algae

Answer 16

tropical marine seaweeds, nori
cell walls contain agar and carrageenans, can store CaCO3
Storage: floridean starch
Pigments: phycobilin

Question 17

Phylum Chlorophyta: Green Algae

Answer 17

mostly freshwater, unicellular or multicellular colonial sheets or spheres
most closely related to plants
Storage: starch
Pigments: chlorophyll a+b

Question 18

Green Algae: Class

Answer 18

Chlorophyceae
mitotic spindle replaced by microtubules of phycoplast (microtubule part of cytokinesis)
Contains: Chlamydomonas, volvox, hydrodictyon

Question 19

Green Algae: Class Ulvophyceae

Answer 19

spindle persists during mitosis
Contains: ulva, codium

Question 20

Green Algae: Class Charophyceae

Answer 20

persistent spindle but forms phragmoplast (microtubule scaffold for late cytokinesis); closest related to plants
Contains: spirogyra, desmids, coleochaetes, chara

Question 21

Chlamydomonas
(Chlorophyceae)

Answer 21

freshwater, unicellular, motile, contains eyespot, nucleus, 2 flagella, large crescent chloroplast w/ pyrenoid

Question 22

Volvox

Answer 22

(Chlorophyceae)
motile, fresh water hollow sphere colony with daughter colonies; each cell is biflagellate, like Chlamydomonas

Question 23

Hydrodictyon

Answer 23

(cholophyceae)
AKA water net, hollow cylinders with reticulate chloroplasts

Question 24

Ulva (sea lettuce)

Answer 24

(Ulvophyceae)
nonmotile, multicellular flat thallus w/ modified ‘holdfast’

Question 25

Codium

Answer 25

(Ulvophyceae) rope-like branched filaments

Question 26

Spirogyra

Answer 26

(Charohyceae) colonial filaments; spiraling chloroplast with pyrenoids, nucleus and cellulose cell walls

Question 27

Desmids

Answer 27

(Chlorophyta) fresh water, 2 sections each form crazy shapes

Question 28

Coleochaetes

Answer 28

(Charophyceae) disc shaped multicellular with plasmodesmata

Question 29

Chara

Answer 29

(Charophyceae) fresh water, apical growth thallus with nodes and whorls of branches

Question 30

Oomycota (oomycetes)

Answer 30

Either "water molds" growing as mass of filaments (aka saprolgenia) or terrestrial plan pathogens (potato blight)

Question 31

Saprolegnia

Answer 31

Water Molds: not a fungus but looks and behaves like one

Question 32

Myxomycota (plasmodial slime molds)

Answer 32

exists in two forms: Plasmodium (favorable) and sporangia (unfavorable)

Question 33

Plasmodium

Answer 33

(favorable conditions form of plasmodial slime molds) multinucleate mass of protoplasm

Question 34

Sporangia

Answer 34

(unfavorable conditions form of plasmodial slime molds) produce spores

Question 35

Dictyosteliomycota (cellular slime molds)

Answer 35

exists in two forms: myxamoebas (favorable) and pseudoplasmodium (unfavorable)

Question 36

Myxamoebas

Answer 36

An independent, unicellular, haploid life stage of cellular slime molds.

Question 37

pseudoplasmodium

Answer 37

a slightly motile aggregation of cells (slug) that produces fruiting bodies, which in turn produce spores; cells aggregate via AMP hormone