ch. 15: species adapting to each other Flashcards
Coevolution
reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species, driven by natural selection
Mutualism
a positive/positive relationship between species that raises each other’s fitness
Commensalism
a positive/neutral relationship that benefits one species but has a neutral effect on the other
Coevolution requires what?
genetic variation and reciprocal selection
Reciprocal selection
selection occurring in two species due to their interaction with one another
**critical prerequisite of coevolution
Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution
proposes that geographic structure of populations is central to the dynamics of coevolution
Batesian mimicry
occurs when harmless species resemble harmful or distasteful species deriving protection from predators in process
Mullerian mimicry
occurs when several harmful or distasteful species resemble each other in appearance and facilitates the learned avoidance of predators
Example of Batesian Mimicry
millipedes in Appalachian mountains
Antagonistic interaction may involve ?
frequency-dependent selection that maintains genetic variation
Predator populations may ?
switch prey generating alternating pairwise interactions
Arms races result when
antagonistic interactions lead to directional selection on each species
Strongly antagonistic interactions may ?
evolve to be less antagonistic over time
When mutualistic species exert positive frequency-dependent selection ?
rapid coevolution can result
Who is vulnerable to cheating?
mutualisms
