Ch 16-17 Test

Question 1

Revisionism

Answer 1

Authors writing history books will try and tell both sides of the story due to the lack of this in the past.

Question 2

Californios

Answer 2

Hispanic ranchers in California; been settled in the west and Southwest since the 1600s; There way of life was challenged after the American settlers arrived in their territories; They were pushed out, turning the social hierarchy upside down

Question 3

Juan Cortina

Answer 3

a Hispanic man from Texas who stood up to American control; he became an outlaw because of this; Cortina shot a sheriff after witnessing the sheriff Pistol Whip a man in the street.

Question 4

Chinese Migration

Answer 4

Had an enormous impact on the transcontinental railroad; they built a substantial portion of this railroad; This Mass Migration occurred because of the Gold Rush and the Transcontinental Railroad providing a surplus of job opportunities.

Question 5

Transcontinental Railroad

Answer 5

spanned all across the united states, composed of two parts

Question 6

Central Pacific Railroad

Answer 6

Built with a lot of Irish labor; Sacramento to Utah

Question 7

Union Pacific Railroad

Answer 7

Nebraska to Utah

Question 8

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

Answer 8

Immigration restriction on Chinese peoples; When the U.S. needed labor the Chinese Immigrants were welcome, but when there were too many, they saw them as competition because of their leniency with wages (working cheap).

Question 9

China Towns

Answer 9

Developed after they were no longer welcome in the U.S., so they formed groups of their own ethnicity to settle down with in order to have a safe space at home.

Question 10

Ghetto

Answer 10

ethnic area within a city

Question 11

Homestead Act

Answer 11

The head of household got 160 acres of land if they lived on it for 5 years and made improvements (such as building a barn, a house, or farming)

Question 12

Timber Culture Act

Answer 12

If you plant 40 acres, you will get another free 160 acres from the govt

Question 13

Timber and Stone Act

Answer 13

If you piled up rocks on your land you would gain more land from the govt

Question 14

Dual Labor Systems in the West

Answer 14

Racial Stratification- If you were at the bottom of the social hierarchy, you have the worst jobs

Question 15

boomtown

Answer 15

a town that grows fast due to mining deposits or railroad development

Question 16

Comstock Lode

Answer 16

Huge deposit of silver in Nevada

Question 17

Rise of the Cattle Kingdom

Answer 17

The East had a big decrease in cattle resources due to the soldiers eating heavily; the demand for beef skyrocketed; The railroad provided fast transportation for beef to be taken to the East; The south got lots of money for sending cattle to the East

Question 18

Open Range Cattle

Answer 18

Cattle had no boundaries, they were branded to keep track of them. Since the federal government was the only one owning surrounding lands, they had no neighbors to worry about

Question 19

African American Cowboys

Answer 19

After the war, many African American men had no other option other than to be a cowboy.

Question 20

Range Wars

Answer 20

Between Homesteaders and Ranchers; Fought about who can graze cattle on open range land, also fought about fences and property ownership

Question 21

Women advanced politically in the West

Answer 21

Typically, women were just as important to the success of the ranch and farm as men were

Question 22

Rocky Mountain School

Answer 22

as they expanded into the west, you had people who wanted to capture the beauty of it (the Rocky Mountains, Yosemite, and other natural aspects of the West) and this Artistic School made that their goal.

Question 23

Fredric Remington-

Answer 23

Artist and Sculptor of the West

Question 24

Turner Thesis

Answer 24

The idea that the frontier is what shaped American character; Americans are individualists, self-motivated, and industrious, Turner thinks this is because of the Frontier way of life

Question 25

Concentration Policy

Answer 25

Idea of putting Natives into one spot, or many tiny spots

Question 26

Buffalo Creek Massacre

Answer 26

1863, Fort Line, Colorado, A group of Native Americans (Young and Old men as well as women and children) came to the fort to trade with a group of settlers: They were told to camp on Sand Creek while waiting on the Colonel; They were massacred while peacefully waiting

Question 27

Little Bighorn Battle

Answer 27

1877, Little Bighorn, Montana; Cheyanne and Su forces under Crazy horse and silly bull wipe out George Custard and his Platoon, which furthers stereotypes against Natives.

Question 28

Chief Joseph

Answer 28

Chief of the Nez Perce Tribe recognized his tribe needed more resources, so they left the reservation to hunt for buffalo and head to Canada to escape the American Settlers. He was caught due to our government pursuing him. He surrendered to get his people food

Question 29

Geronimo

Answer 29

Apache leader who defended his tribe against the Americans, he attempted to save their land. He surrendered in 1886 due to no more options

Question 30

Ghost Dance

Answer 30

Geronimo, after being spiritually awoken by his ancestors, attempted to resurrect his ancestors to destroy the new settlers; The U.S.

Question 31

Dawes Act

Answer 31

Passed in 1886 and divided up reservation land by individual and household to make Native Americans into farmers.

Question 32

Assimilation

Answer 32

Trying to force people into your culture; Ex. The US sending Native children to boarding schools to whitewash them as much as possible; took their language, cut their hair, and converted them to Christianity

Question 33

Joseph Glidden

Answer 33

invented barbed wire

Question 34

Decline of Ranch Lifestyle

Answer 34

Reasons: Drought, overgrazing, bad weather

Question 35

Wounded Knee

Answer 35

Massacre of the Su Tribe- over 400 Su Tribe killed- 1890

Question 36

Problems of farming the plains

Answer 36

Isolation, drought, overproduction

Question 37

Patrons of Husbandry

Answer 37

because of these problems, a farmers organization started in 1887

Question 38

Industrialization

Answer 38

the process of industrialization that was kickstarted by the Civil War

Question 39

Bessemer Process

Answer 39

process of using air to remove impurities in steel, making it cheaper and easier to produce

Question 40

Edwin Drake

Answer 40

Guy who drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania, US

Question 41

Henry Ford

Answer 41

made the first mass produced car

Question 42

Education and Industry Partnership

Answer 42

colleges started doing research that aided industrialization; in turn Industries funded the Universities for their research

Question 43

Scientific Management

Answer 43

idea of time-motion studies (the best way to get it done)

Question 44

Assembly Line

Answer 44

product moves while workers say in the same position/ allowed companies to mass produce

Question 45

Expansion of Railroads

Answer 45

transport of goods and raw materials; provided a way to transport out of your region and across the county; allowed the railroad business and industrialization to excel.

Question 46

Rise of Corporations

Answer 46

Instead of many local businesses, there were big businesses that owned multiple businesses. This was possible because of the rise of the stock industry, allowing people to own a small share of a company, funding many locations.

Question 47

Limited Liability

Answer 47

the most you can lose in stock is as much as you invested in it, removed the loss of partnership that allowed you to pay for your partner’s debts.

Question 48

Vertical Integration

Answer 48

by Andrew Carnegie- when you own all the steps in production

Question 49

Horizontal Integration

Answer 49

by John D. Rockefeller- Where you buy out your competition

Question 50

Robber Baron

Answer 50

a business tycoon who makes his money with unscrupulous tactics

Question 51

Middle Management

Answer 51

The idea of professional managers that are in between the owner and the worker

Question 52

Trust

Answer 52

A business organization that developed where people who owned stock would lend control of it to a third party; the third party (trustee) could vote it, use it, and gain a percentage of the profit; Anti-trust laws help to prevent monopolies

Question 53

Holding Company

Answer 53

company that owns all kinds of different cooperations

Question 54

Myth of the Self Made Man

Answer 54

The idea that anyone can become a millionaire with pure work ethic

Question 55

Social Darwinism

Answer 55

Survival of the fittest; Herbert Spencer applied Darwin’s natural selection theory to human society

Question 56

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 56

Andrew Carnegie's idea that the wealthy have a responsibility to help people; Donated his life of wealth to libraries and universities so that those who desire to better themselves have the opportunity to do it

Question 57

Russel Conwell

Answer 57

Acres of Diamonds- Baptist teacher that gave his speech, Acre of Diamonds, thousands of times. He made a profit from this. He coached them on wealth and how to get it and told his fans that they should strive for wealth

Question 58

Reformers

Answer 58

Lester Frank Ward wrote Dynamic Sociology, was a socialist that believed the government should take a more active role in the life of citizens

Question 59

Henry George

Answer 59

Progress and Poverty- Socialist believed that the land should be taxed since the rich are not using it

Question 60

Edward Bellamy

Answer 60

Socialist- Authored the book Looking Backward- The main character fell asleep in 1887 and woke up in 2000, and In this world, everything was mostly taken care of by the government with a small amount of money

Question 61

Gilded Age

Answer 61

1870-1900s where everything looked good from the outside, but there were major problems inside. While the idea of the govt system sounded great on paper, there were certain aspects that negatively affected the U.S. by furthering the Class System

Question 62

Changes in Immigration

Answer 62

New immigration- consisted of people from all different parts of Eastern Europe- when people noticed changes in culture, customs, and societal norms they were unwelcoming of their new guests

Question 63

Old Western Europe

Answer 63

Immigration to the United States from Western European countries.

Question 64

Labor Contract Law

Answer 64

paid for passage and then took wages out- close to slavery to help immigrants cross over and work to repay their debt

Question 65

Typical Work Day

Answer 65

12 hours, 6 days a week, no safety equipment, no safety net programs; only making 400-500 per year

Question 66

Child Labor

Answer 66

necessity for families to survive

Question 67

Women

Answer 67

worked longer hours, but got paid less

Question 68

Rise of Union

Answer 68

organized groups of workers that stood up to organizations in bulk to get fair wages, hours, and safety protocols.

Question 69

Knights of Labor

Answer 69

Unskilled- Political

Question 70

Molly Maguire

Answer 70

coal mining union in Ireland; A Militant like corporation; Unfair treatment of employees, threats, and even reports of employees dying on the job.

Question 71

AFL

Answer 71

Work focused on work issues, wages, hours, and conditions; Started by Samuel Gopher in 1886

Question 72

Great Railroad Strike 1877

Answer 72

Started when two Unions went on strike, leading to hundreds of railroad unions striking in support of them. This stopped railroad transportation and mail; Railroad tracks and trains were ruined; The army had to be sent in to end this strike. People were murdered in these riots.

Question 73

Haymarket Riot 1886

Answer 73

May 1st, Socialist Workers Day; Speech in Chicago to support communism; Police observed as a precaution. Someone chunked a bomb at the police force, and they killed them. Chaos ensues, and then they arrest the workers at the protest to figure out who threw it

Question 74

Homestead Strike

Answer 74

1892- Steel Plant that was Unionized, but Andrew Carnegie cut wages to break up their union. The workers set fire to gasoline at the homestead, and the workers won the fight. The national guard came and removed those who were violently striking against the Plant.

Question 75

Pullman Strike 1894

Answer 75

Pullman invented sleeping cars; He builds houses for his workers so he can cut their wages but not the rent they had to pay. This strike led multiple unions to start fighting back. They refused to hitch or unhitch a Pullman car in protest. The government put an end to the strike because of the inability to get the mail going.