CH. 16 Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
A drug that kills certain microbes that cause infection
A
Antibiotic
2
Q
The process, procedures, and chemical treatments that kill microbes or prevent them from causing an infection; anti means against and sepsis means infection.
A
Antisepsis
3
Q
The absence of a disease-producing microbes (sepsis means infection)
A
Asepsis
4
Q
Items contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions; Bio means life and hazardous means dangerous or harmful.
A
Biohazardous waste
5
Q
A human or animal that is a reservoir for microbes but does not develop the infection.
A
Carrier
6
Q
Same as “medical asepsis”
A
Clean technique
7
Q
A disease caused by pathogens that spread easily; contagious disease
A
Communicable disease
8
Q
Same as “communicable disease
A
Contagious disease
9
Q
The process of becoming unclean
A
Contamination
10
Q
Passing microbes from 1 person to another by contaminated hands, equipment, or supplies
A
Cross-contamination
11
Q
A liquid chemical that can kill many or all pathogens except spores.
A
Disinfectant
12
Q
The process of killing pathogens.
A
Disinfection
13
Q
An infection that develops in a person cared for in any setting where health care is given; the infection is related to receiving health care.
A
Healthcare-Associated infection (HAI)
14
Q
protection against a certain disease
A
Immunity
15
Q
A disease state resulting from the invasion and growth of microbes in the body.
A
Infection
16
Q
Practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection.
A
Infection Control
17
Q
Practices used to reduce the number of microbes and prevent the spread from 1 person or place to another person or place; clean technique
A
Medical Aepsis
18
Q
Other word for micro-organism
A
Microbe
19
Q
A small (micro) living thing (organism) seen only with microscope; microbe
A
Mircroorganism
20
Q
A microbe that does not usually cause an infection
A
Non-pathogens
21
Q
Microbes that live and grow in a certain area
A
Normal Flora
22
Q
A microbe that is harmful and can cause an infection
A
Pathogens
23
Q
The environment in which a microbe lives and grows; host
A
Reservoir
24
Q
A bacterium protected by a hard shell
A
Spore
25
The absence of all microbes
Sterile
26
A work area free of all pathogens and non-pathogens (including spores)
Sterile Field
27
Same word "surgical asepsis"
Sterile Tequnique
28
The process of destroying all microbes
Sterilization
29
The practices used to remove all microbes; sterile technique
Surgical Asepsis
30
Giving a vaccine to produce immunity against an infectious disease
Vaccination
31
A preparation containing dead or weakened microbes
Vaccine
32
A carrier (animal, insect) that transmits disease
Vector
33
Any substance that transmits microbes
Vehicle
34
The chain of infection
1. Source
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Method of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. Susceptible
35
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
36
CDC
Centers for disease control and prevention
37
Cm
Centimeter
38
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
39
GI
Gastro-intestinal
40
HAI
Healthcare- associated infection
41
HBV
Hepatitis B virus
42
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency virus
43
MDRO
Multi-resistant organism
44
MRSA
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
45
OPIM
Other potentually infectious materials
46
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
47
PPE
Personal Protective equipement
48
TB
Tuberculosis
49
VRE
Vancomycin-resistent Enterococci
50
Types of Microbes
Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Rickettsiae, and Viruses
51
Bacteria
Are 1 celled that multiply rapidly. They can cause an infection in any body system.
52
Fungi
Are plant-like organisms that live on other plants or animals. Mushrooms, yeasts, and mold are common fungi. Fungi can infect the mouth, vagina, skin, feet, and other body areas
53
Protozoa
are 1-celled animals. They can infect the blood, brain, intestines, and other body areas
54
Rickettsiae
are found in fleas, lice, lice, ticks, and other insects. They are spread to humans by insect bites. Rocky mountain spotted fever in an example. The person has chills, headache, and rash.
55
Viruses
grow in living cells. They cause many diseases. The common cold, herpes, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and hepatitis are ex.
56
Methods of Transmission
```
Blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions
Animals- mice, etc.
Insects- ticks, etc
Dressings
Direct Contact- kissing, etc
Personal care item
Eating and drinking utensils
Water
Food
Air
Coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, singing
```
57
______ precautions are used for all persons whenever care is given
Standard
58
Means to go against, to keep away, or block
repel
59
What should you do when removing gloves?
Make sure that glove touches only glove
60
When removing a mask, only the ties or elastic bands are touched because?
the front of the mask s contaminated
61
When donning a gown, what is done first?
Put on the gloves
62
When removing PPE, what is done first?
remove gloves
63
If you wear re-usable eye wear and it is contaminated, what should you do?
It should be discarded
64
How are contaminate items identified when sent to the laundry or rash collection?
Labeled with Bio-Hazard symbol
65
How are specimens collected in a contaminated room handled?
Place specimen container in bio-hazard specimen bag
66
If a resident in Transmission-Based Precautions must be transported to another area, what would all be done?
The person wears a mask as required by the Transmission-Based Precautions used, the staff wear gown, mask, and gloves as required, and the staff in the receiving area are alerted so they can wear protective equipment as needed.
67
When a person is in isolation, you can help to meet love, belonging, and self-esteem need when you what?
Say "hello" from the doorway often
68
When a child is in isolation, it may be helpful if what happens?
The child is given a mask, eye wear, and a gown to touch and play with
69
You can help a person with poor vision, confusion, or dementia to tolerate isolation by?
Letting the person see your face before putting on PPE
70
A person with measles, chicken pox, or TB would be isolated with?
Airborne Isolation
71
When the person has airborne precautions, you do not need to wear a mask when?
the person is not sneezing or coughing
72
When contact precautions are being used, glove are worn when?
entering the room or care setting
73
What viruses are bloodborne pathogens?
HIV and HBV
74
How can you transmit bloodborne pathogens?
Bod fluid, dressings soaked with body fluids, and used needles and suction equipment
75
How do staff members know what to do if exposed to a bloodborne pathogens?
The nurse tells them what they need to know
76
HBV vaccine is what?
Invloves 3 injections
77
What is not correct work practice control to reduce exposure risks?
Breaking contaminated needles before discarding them
78
PPE is what to staff?
free
79
Broken glass is cleaned up by?
A person specially trained to remove biohazardous materials
80
When discarding regulated waste, the containers are what?
Plastic bags are specially labeled
81
If you are working in a home and need to dispose of sharps, you may need to what?
Place them in a plastic bag labeled with BIO HAZARD symbol
82
If an exposure incident occurs, what should u do?
Observe yourself for any symptoms of the disease
83
If a sterile item touched a clean item, the sterile item is what?
contaminated
84
When working with a sterile field, you should what?
keep items within your vision and above your waist
85
When arranging the inner package of sterile gloves you should what?
have the right glove on the right and the left glove on the left
86
When picking up the first glove, what should you do?
pick it by the cuff and touch only the inside
87
Which type of microbe can cause an infection?
Bacteria
88
Rickettsiae are transmitted to humans by
A reservoir
89
In order to live and grow, all microbes require
A reservoir
90
_____ become pathogens when transmitted from their natural site
Normal flora
91
Multidrug resistant organisms are organisms that
Can resist the effects of antibiotics
92
What is not a sign of infection?
Constipation
93
An older person is at higher risk for infection because of changes in
The immune system
94
The source of infection is
A pathogen
95
In the chain of infection, a portal of exit can be
Blood
96
Healthcare associated infections often occur when
Hand washing is poor
97
The practice that keeps equipment and supplies free of all microbes is
Surgical technique
98
To prevent the spread of microbes
Sterilize all equipment
99
When washing hands, you should
Keep hands lower than the elbows
100
Clean under the fingernails by rubbing you fingers against you palms?
Each time you wash your hands
101
To avoid contaminating your hands, turn off the faucets
With clean paper towels
102
An alcohol based hand rub may be used to decontaminate your hands
After contact with the intact skin
103
You can prevent the spread of microbes in the home by
Using a disinfectant to clean surfaces in the bathroom
104
Older persons with dementia rely on others to protect them from infection because they
Are more resistant to infection
105
When cleaning contaminated equipment wear
PPE
106
Organic material is removed form re usable items with
A rinse in cold water
107
A good cheap disinfectant to use in the home is
White vinegar solution
108
If you use boiling water to sterilize items in the him, you should
Boil the items for atleast 10 minutes depending on elevation
109
Isolation precautions are used for
As a method to prevent communicable diseases
110
Standard precautions are used
For all persons whenever care is given
111
When you are working in a room with isolation precautions, you use paper towels to
Turn faucets off
112
Practice hand hygiene
After removing gloves
113
If you are allergic to latex gloves, you should
Wear latex free gloves
114
When you wear a gown for isolation precautions, the contaminated areas are
The gown front and sleeves
115
When you remove gown and gloves worn for isolation precautions, what step is done first
Turn the gown inside out as it is removed
116
PPE is worm when enter a room?
Depending on what task, procedures, and care measures you will do
117
True/false. You may need more than 1 pair of gloves for a task?
True
118
What means go against, to keep away, to block?
Resist
119
When do you have little immunity?
when you're a baby
120
What is a microbe?
a microorganism
121
What is a human or animal that is a reservoir for microbes but does not develop the infection?
a carrier
122
What is any substance that transmits microbs?
a vehicle
123
What is RM?
rabid motion- it's when your eyes flutter while sleeping
124
What is a pathogen?
it causes a disease
125
What is a non-pathogen?
not able to cause a disease
126
What won't kill spores?
disinfectant
127
What does sterilization do?
It will kill everything 100%, including all non-pathogens, pathogens, and spores
128
Boiling water, radiation, liquid or gas chemicals, dry heat, and steam under pressure are all what?
sterilization measures
129
What is a pressure steam sterilizer?
autoclave
130
What can you not sterilize?
Rubber or plastic items
131
The CDC guidelines had 2 tiers which are?
Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions
132
What precaution is used for all persons whenever care is given?
Standard Precautions
133
Which precaution reduces the risk of spreading pathogens and risk of spreading known and unknown infections?
Standard Precautions
134
What does Bio mean?
Life
135
What does Hazard mean?
dangerous
136
What are transmission based precautions?
Contact, droplet, airborne
137
What is transmission based precaution are commonly called what?
Isolation precautions
138
Transmission based precautions require what?
PPE
139
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment?
140
What does PPE contain?
gloves, gowns, masks, and goggle or fave shield
141
What does the gown prevent?
Microbes
142
What does gown protect?
Protects your clothes and body from contact with blood, body fluid secretions, and excretions
143
Where should a gown cover?
from your neck to your knees
144
What parts of the gown is considered contaminated?
the front and sleeves
145
Gowns are used how many times?
once
146
Why do you wear disposable mask for?
Protection from contact with infectious materials from the person, when assisting with sterile procedures, protects the person from infectious agents carried in your mouth or nose.
147
A wet or moist mask is what?
contaminated
148
Goggles and face shields protect what?
your eyes, mouth, and nose from splashing or spraying blood, body fluid, secretions and excretions
149
What is DONNING?
putting on
150
What is DOFFING?
taking off
151
What s used to separate you from the patient?
gloving
152
What are the steps for putting on PPE?
Put on gown, put on mask or respirator, googles or face shield, and gloves
153
What are the two types of garbage in the hospital?
Normal and Biohazard
154
What does aseptic practices do?
break the chain of infection
155
What happens to non disposable items?
they are cleaned and then disinfected, they are sterilized by the supply department
156
Blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions are all what?
organic matter
157
Hepatitis is located in the what?
liver
158
Hepa means what?
liver
