Ch 16

Question 1

Entry of infectious agent microorganism I to body causes disease

Answer 1

Pathogen

Question 2

Tells you what type of pathogen u have been exposed to . What agent is present

Answer 2

Blood culture

Question 3

Tells you what type if antibiotic u need

Answer 3

Culture sensitivity test

Question 4

More virulent/ stronger type of bacteria

Answer 4

Gram negative

Question 5

What causes drug resistance

Answer 5

Overuse

Not finishing antibiotica

Question 6

Normal flora sites

Upper respiratory, mouth nose throat

Answer 6

Klebsiella
Staph
Strep

Question 7

Normal flora sites

Skin

Answer 7

Aciniobacter
Staph aureus
Staph epidermis

Question 8

Normal flora sites

Small bowl colon

Answer 8

Clostridum perfingens(can become c diff)

Question 9

Normal flora sites

Vagina

Answer 9

Lactobacillus sp.

Question 10

Prion

Answer 10

Only found inside host

Question 11

LINK 1

CAUSATIVE AGENT

Answer 11

The microorganism capable of causing disease.

MRSA, c-diff, klebsiella

Question 12

Reservoir

2.

Answer 12

Place where microorganisms are found.

Infected wounds, waste,animals, insects, contaminated food/ water, infected person.abd wound, gi, lungs

Question 13

Portal of exit . 3

Answer 13

Route by which pathogen leaves the body of host

Gi tract faces transport typhoid.
Resp tract measles, mumos,tb, flu
Skin open wound

Question 14

Mode of transfer 4.

Answer 14

1. Direct contact -drainage, excretions
2. Indirect-fomites-inaninate objects
3. Vectors-flesh ticks insects
4. droplet inf-coughing sneezing
5. Spread 1 part of body to another.

Question 15

5. Portal of entry

Answer 15

How pathogen enters body.
Mucous membranes
Eating infected food water
Breathing droplets

Question 16

6. Susceptible host

Answer 16

Maybe by age. State health, broken skin, older adults.

Question 17

C.r.p.m.p.s

Answer 17

Causative agent, resevoir,portal exit, mode transfer, portal entry, susceptible host.

Question 18

FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION

Answer 18

age, malnutrition,stress fatigue,low WBC count, body damage, alcoholism, chronic illness,indwelling tubes,chemo,

Question 19

First defense against infection

Answer 19

Intact skin-lysosomes,cillia,kupffer,gastric secretions

Question 20

Second line of defense against Infection

Answer 20

wbc,fever, inflammatory response, phagocytosis, I terferon.histamines serotonin, capillaries leaky.permissive temp

Question 21

Third line defense against infection

Answer 21

Immune response- body reaction to something foreign

Question 22

Types of immune response

Answer 22

1. Naturally acquired immunity.me- chickenpox flu
2. Passive acquired immunity-tetanus(antibodies dev in someone else)
3. Naturally acquired passive immunity.fetus from mother-
4. Artificial acquired immunity.injecting vaccines.

Question 23

Making environment free of microorganisms

Answer 23

Asepsis

Question 24

Medical asepsis(clean technique)

Answer 24

Ng tube, confine organisms, reduces microorganisms, Clorox wipes

Question 25

Surgical asepsis

Answer 25

Anything inside patient. Keeps area object free of all microorganisms for period of time. Use sterile materials. Antibiotics sterile.

Question 26

Medical hand wash

Answer 26

At least 15 seconds 15-30 seconds

Question 27

C diff hand hygiene

Answer 27

Must was hands 15-30 seconds | No artificial nails

Question 28

Surgical hand scrub

Answer 28

2-5 mind scrub vigorously, 2 in above elbow.

Question 29

Standard precautions/ tier 1

Answer 29

Every single patient | All linens, occ health, pt. placement ppe

Question 30

Factors increasing susceptibility to infection

Answer 30

Age, malnutrition,stress,low wbc,altered defense mechanisms,alcoholism,chronic illness,indwelling tubes, immunosuporessive tx corticosterouds

Question 31

Increased susceptibility of older adult to infection

Answer 31

Homeostasis, immune function,resp function,skin,gi, urinary

Question 32

Factors increase susceptibility to infection

Answer 32

Age malnutrition,stress/fatigue,low WBC, alcoholism, chronic illness, 8ndwelling tubes, immunosuppressive tx,

Question 33

What does tier 1 include?

Answer 33

WASH HANDS , heavy soil/c diff, GLOVES before mucous membr/non intact skin, MASK/EYE PROTECTION splashes/ blood/secretions excretions GOWN contact precautions,splashes secretions excretions/contact precautions. PT EQUIO-cleaned reprocessed, ENV CONTROL aka housekeeping, LINENS-bag- close it dont rouch clothes, OCC HEALTH/bbp-needle sticks/no recap dirty needle/scoop method, PT PLACEMENT-place in private room

Question 34

N95 mask

Answer 34

Worn only by healthcare personnell/ must be fitted to you.change mask when moist

Question 35

Latex allergy

Answer 35

Bananas, kiwi avocado | Dont use petroleum based lotions under gloves

Question 36

Sharps

Answer 36

Dispose of when 2/3 full

Question 37

Trash

Answer 37

Empty when 2/3 full

Question 38

Contaminated waste/items

Answer 38

Dispose of in red biohazard bags, wet w blood

Question 39

Disinfection

Answer 39

1 part chlorine 10 parts water

Question 40

Contaminated dressings

Answer 40

Disposable ziplock bags

Question 41

How should forceps scissors 9ther small implements be washed?

Answer 41

Hot water and detergent the soaked in bleach, rinse with hot water air dry

Question 42

How many methislds sterilization

Answer 42

``` 5- steam under pressure(moist) AUTOCLAVE Dry heat ETHYLENE OXIDE - against spores and microorganisms Liquid chemical Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma ```