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Phys/Assess > Ch. 16 Ears > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of moveable cartilage and skin.

A

Auricle or Pinna

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2
Q

2.5 - 3cm long in adults, allows sound waves into the opening and extends to the ear drum.

A

Auditory canal

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3
Q

secretes cerumen

A

auditory canal

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4
Q

lubricates and protects the ear

A

cerumen

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5
Q

outer 1/3 of the auditory canal

A

cartilage

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6
Q

Translucent, with a pearly gray color. Separates the external and middle ear.

A

Tympanic membrane or eardrum

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7
Q

the malleus consists of:

A

the umbo, manubrium and the short process.

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8
Q

tiny air-filled cavity inside the temporal bone

A

middle ear

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9
Q

auditory ossicles, tiny ear bones

A

Malleus, incus, and stapes

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10
Q

The opening that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air.

A

the eustachian tube

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11
Q

Holds sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing.

A

bony labyrinth

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12
Q

Three functions of the middle ear.

A

1) conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear to the ventral hearing apparatus in the inner ear.
2) Protects the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds
3) Eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the TM so the membrane does not rupture

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13
Q

the vestibular apparatus is composed of:

A

the vestibule and semicircular canals

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14
Q

where is the central hearing apparatus?

A

the cochlea

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15
Q

The auditory system can be divided into three levels:

A

Peripheral, brain stem, and cerebral cortex

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16
Q

loudness

A

amplitude

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17
Q

pitch or number of cycles per second

A

frequency

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18
Q

Sound waves produce vibrations on the _____________.

A

Tympanic Membrane

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19
Q

The sensory organ of hearing.

A

The organ of Corti

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20
Q

The electrical impulses are conducted by the auditory portion of the ____________________ to the brain stem.

A

Cranial nerve VIII

21
Q

The function of the cortex is to:

A

interpret the meaning of sound and begin the appropriate response.

22
Q

The normal pathway of hearing

A

air conduction

23
Q

Alternate pathway of hearing

A

bone conduction

24
Q

Sends signals to both sides of the brain stem.

A

Cranial nerve VIII

25
Q

Anything that obstructs the transmission of sound and affects hearing.

A

Hearing Loss

26
Q

Formation of new bone around the base of the stapes (bone of the middle ear), resulting in progressive hearing loss.

A

Otosclerosis

27
Q

A mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear.

A

Conductive hearing loss

28
Q

Causes of conductive hearing loss:

A

impacted cerumen, foreign bodies in ear canal, perforated TM, or any other type of pus or serum that is in the middle ear.

29
Q

Caused by inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex.S

A

Sensorineural (perceptive) hearing loss

30
Q

T or F: With sensorineural hearing loss, if we increase the amplitude of the sounds, the patient will hear it.

A

False
If we increase the amplitude of the sounds, the patient will NOT hear it.

31
Q

Causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Presbycusis or ototoxic drugs that affect the hair cells in the cochlea.

32
Q

Ototoxic drugs

A

loop diuretics, antibiotics, anti-cancer treatments, NSAIDs

33
Q

A combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss.

A

Mixed hearing loss.

34
Q

The inner ear develops early in the ______ week of gestation.

A

Fifth week of gestation

35
Q

T or F: Infants and young children’s auditory canal is longer and has the same slope as an adult.

A

False.
Infant’s and young child’s external auditory canal is shorter and has a slope opposite to that of adults.
(high risk for infection)

36
Q

Why is the MMR vaccine avoided in pregnancy?

A

the Rubella portion of the MMR vaccine is a live attenuated virus that can pass the placenta and infect the fetus

37
Q

The child’s eustachian tube is:

A

short and flat

38
Q

gradual sensorineural loss. occurs in greater than 60% of individuals over 65.

A

Presbycusis

39
Q

T or F: In presbycusis, it is harder to hear low-frequency sounds.

A

False: it is harder to hear high-frequency sounds.

40
Q

An infection caused by an obstruction in the middle ear that causes inflammation and a build-up of fluid behind the ear drum.

A

Otitis Media

41
Q

Risk Factor for Otitis Media

A

SHS (second-hand smoke)
Daycare
Breastfeeding in the first 3 months.
Premature birth
Male
Seasons
Bottle feeding during sleep.

42
Q

Low speech or low sound hearing loss. If you try to make it louder, it is very painful to the patient.

A

Recruitment

43
Q

T or F: To examine an adult ear: pull the pinna up and back to straighten out the S-shape canal.

A

True

44
Q

When do you pull the pinna down for an inner ear assessment?

A

3 y.o. and under.

45
Q

At what age should an infant turn to localize sound and respond to their own name?

A

6-8 months old

46
Q

Also known as swimmer’s ear; causes severe pain with movement of the pinna or tragus.

A

Otitis Externa

47
Q

s/sx of otitis externa

A

reddness and swelling, drainage, scaling, itching, fever, enlarged regional lymph nodes.

48
Q

Cause of scarred ear drum or tympanic membrane

A

chronic ear infections.

49
Q

A surgical procedure to equalize pressure and drain secretions.

A

Tympanostomy tubes

Phys/Assess (4 decks)

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