Ch 16 Hearing

Question 1

Auricle (pinna) function

Answer 1

directs sounds into the auditory canal

Question 2

Tympanic membrane function

Answer 2

separates the auditory canal from the middle ear

Question 3

Auditory ossicles function

Answer 3

connects the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

Question 4

3 auditory ossicles

Answer 4

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 5

Oval window function

Answer 5

• membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear
• aids in sound transmission

Question 6

Round window function

Answer 6

• membrane covered opening in the inner ear
• aids in pressure equalization and sound transmission

Question 7

Auditory tube function

Answer 7

opens out to the nasopharynx and helps equalize pressure on the tympanic membrane

Question 8

Semicircular canals function

Answer 8

equilibrium

Question 9

Vestibule function

Answer 9

equilibrium

Question 10

Cochlea function

Answer 10

hearing

Question 11

Ceruminous glands function

Answer 11

secretes cerumen

Question 12

Tensor tympani muscle function

Answer 12

controls the amount movement in the eardrum

Question 13

Stapedius muscle function

Answer 13

controls the amount of movement in the stapes

Question 14

What is the bony labyrinth?

Answer 14

maze-like system of passages within the temporal bone

Question 15

What is the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 15

a series of interconnected sacs and tubes nested inside of the bony labyrinth

Question 16

Perilymph fluid definition

Answer 16

fluid found in the inner ear between the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

Question 17

Tectorial membrane definition

Answer 17

gelatinous structure within the spiral organ of the cochlea

Question 18

What does the vestibule detect?

Answer 18

static equilibrium

Question 19

What does the semicircular canals detect?

Answer 19

dynamic equilibrium

Question 20

Amplitude definition

Answer 20

volume

Question 21

Frequency definition

Answer 21

pitch

Question 22

Components of the spiral organ

Answer 22

hair cells, supporting cells, tectorial membrane

Question 23

Process of hearing

Answer 23

• sound waves arrive at tympanic membrane
• movement of tympanic membrane displaces the auditory ossicles
• movement of the stapes at the oval window produces pressure waves in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli
• the pressure waves distort the basilar membrane on their way to the round window of the scala tympani
• vibration of the basilar membrane causes vibration of hair cells against the tectorial membrane
• information about the region and intensity of stimulation is relayed to the central nervous system over the cochlear nerve

Question 24

Basilar membrane definition

Answer 24

flexible membrane within the cochlear duct

Question 25

Endolymph fluid definition

Answer 25

fluid found in the membranous labyrinth

Question 26

Auditory pathway

Answer 26

- stimulation of hair cells at a specific location along the basilar membrane activates sensory neurons - sensory neurons carry the information to the cochlear nucleus on the side - information ascends from each cochlear nucleus to the superior olivary nuclei of the pons and the inferior colliculi of the midbrain - inferior colliculi direct a variety of unconscious motor responses to sounds - ascending auditory information goes to the medial geniculate body - projection fibers deliver the information to specific locations within the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe