Ch 16: Pediatrics And Adolescents Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch 16: Pediatrics And Adolescents Deck (27)
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1
Q

What percent of public school aged children (55M) present with disabling conditions that require special ed services under IDEA?

A

13% or 6.5M

2
Q

IDEA

A

Individuals with disabilities education act

Federal education mandate requiring public schools to provide a free appropriate public education through the use of special ed supports and services to children with eligible disabilities

3
Q

Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act of 1973

A

Classroom accommodations

Federal law designed to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities in programs and activities that receive fed financial assistance from the US Dept of Education

4
Q

What is the leading cause of death and acquired disability in children and adolescents in the US?

A

TBI

5
Q

What are the two age groups most at risk for TBI?

A

Children ages 0-4 and adolescents ages 15-19

Incidence of approximately 738 per 100,000 children ages 0-15

6
Q

How many ER visits for TBI are for children ages 0-14?

A

500,000

7
Q

Of the age group 0-4, what are most ER visits for?

A

Falls

**However, young children are relatively susceptible to abusive head trauma (AHT) or shaken baby syndrome (SBS)

8
Q

What are the 3 leading causes of head injury in teens 15-19?

A
  1. Being struck by or against something (concussion)
  2. Falls
  3. MVA
9
Q

What are the factors for pediatric brain injury outcomes?

A
  1. Age at the time of the injury
  2. Developmental state of the brain at time of injury
  3. Nature and extent of the injury
10
Q

Why is the prognosis for functional recovery of a previously learned skill, better the younger the child is?

A

Neuroplasticity

11
Q

Why is the prognosis for new skill acquisition worse the younger the child is?

A

Injury interferes with the establishment of an adequate platform or foundation upon which to build new learning processes and more complex skills

12
Q

Why might it take longer for the effects of brain injury to be seen in younger children?

A

Their brains are still developing and less is expected of them at younger ages.

*this phenomenon may be misinterpreted later in their learning careers, causing them to be mislabeled as other types of learning disabilities, behavior, or emotional problems.

13
Q

Brain maturation: birth to 5y/o

A

Most brain maturation occurs during this time

Injury during this time may be the most devastating time for injury to occur

14
Q

Brain maturation: 3-5 y/o

A

Period of rapid overall brain growth

All regions of the brain (ie: EF, visuospatial somatic, and visuoauditory functions) show signs of synchronous development.

Maturation of Sensory motor regions peak at age 6

15
Q

Brain maturation: 8-10 y/o

A

Motor system maturation and accelerated frontal executive system development

Begin to perform formal operations and perceive new meaning in familiar objects

16
Q

Brain maturation: 14-15 y/o

A

Able to review formal operations, recognize flaws, and create new ones

17
Q

Brain maturation: 17-19 y/o

A

Extensive maturation of prefrontal cortex (ie: executive functions)

18
Q

What percent of head trauma related deaths in infants/children less than 2 y/o are a result of abuse?

A

50-80%

57% under the age of 1

19
Q

Risk factors associated with SBS/AHT

A
  • Male vs female
  • Infants with excessive crying from birth to 4 months of age
  • Toddlers presenting with temper tantrums Or toilet training problems

Caregivers:

  • males vs female (56% father, 16% bf, 15% mother, 5% babysitter, 9% other)
  • younger age, unrealistic parenting expectations, mental health issues, domestic violence, and substance abuse
20
Q

Which gender is at greater risk for SBS?

A

Males

21
Q

What are the underlying developmental aspects that make infants more vulnerable to severe TBI?

A

Underdeveloped brain

Large head

Weak neck muscles

22
Q

What are the three key identifiers for SBS?

A

Bleeding of the brain (SDH)

Brain swelling (cerebral edema)

Bleeding in eyes (retinal hemorrhage)

23
Q

What percent of SBS victims present with retinal bleeding?

A

85%

24
Q

What percent of SBS survivors have a long term disability?

ie: learning disability, seizures, behavior problems, blindness,deafness, CP

A

70-85%

**Only 15% have no disability

25
Q

What percent of SBS survivors will not be able to live independently?

A

40%

26
Q

What percent of children die from SBS?

A

15-30%

27
Q

What percent of teenagers and adults didn’t realize that shaking a baby could be dangerous?

A

25-50%