Ch 16 Psychopathy

Question 1

Bipolar and drugs

Answer 1

Nearly 60% of people with bipolar abuse alcohol or drugs

Question 2

Unique to borderline personality disorder

Answer 2

profound fear of abandonment

Question 3

Psychopathy

Answer 3

The study of mental disorders, or a term for the mental disorder itself.

Question 4

Somatogenic hypothesis

Answer 4

The hypothesis that mental disorders result from organic (bodily) causes.

Question 5

Psychogenic hypothesis

Answer 5

The hypothesis that mental disorders result from psychological causes.

Question 6

Learning model

Answer 6

The hypothesis that mental disorders result from some form of faulty learning.

Question 7

General paresis

Answer 7

Disorder characterized by a broad decline in physical and psychological functions, culminating in marked personality aberrations that may include grandiose delusions or profound hypochondriacal depressions. Without treatment, the deterioration progresses to the point of paralysis, and death occurs within a few years.

Question 8

Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Answer 8

discovered that general paresis was actually a consequence of infection with syphilis

Question 9

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 9

Wrote “Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie.” The major figure in psychiatric classification, Kraepelin distinguished two groups of severe mental disorders, schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis (now called bipolar disorder).

Question 10

diathesis-stress model

Answer 10

A conception that one set of factors (the diathesis) creates the predisposition for a disorder, and a different set of factors (the stress) provides the trigger that turns the potential into the actual disorder.

Question 11

multicausal model

Answer 11

A conception of how mental disorders arise that emphasizes the roles played by many different factors.

Question 12

biopsychosocial perspective

Answer 12

biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to mental illness.

Question 13

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 13

The manual that provides specific guidance on how to diagnose each of the nearly 200 psychological disorders; currently in its fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR).

Question 14

point prevalence

Answer 14

The percentage of people in a given population who have a given disorder at any particular point in time.

Question 15

lifetime prevalence

Answer 15

The percentage of people in a certain population who will have a given disorder at any point in their lives.

Question 16

symptoms

Answer 16

What the patient reports about his physical or mental condition.

Question 17

signs

Answer 17

What the clinician observes about a patient’s physical or mental condition.

Question 18

agoraphobia

Answer 18

A fear of being in situations in which help might not be available or escape might be difficult or embarrassing.

Question 19

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 19

A disorder characterized by pervasive, free-floating anxiety.

Question 20

obsessions

Answer 20

Recurrent unwanted or disturbing thoughts.

Question 21

compulsions

Answer 21

Repetitive or ritualistic acts that, in OCD, serve in some way to deal with the obsessions.

Question 22

comorbidity

Answer 22

The tendency for different mental disorders to occur together in the same person.

Question 23

concordance rate

Answer 23

The probability that a person with a particular familial relationship to a patient (e.g., an identical twin) has the same disorder as the patient.

Question 24

hypomania

Answer 24

A mild manic state in which the individual seems infectiously merry, extremely talkative, charming, and tireless.

Question 25

dopamine hypothesis

Answer 25

Asserts that the brains of people with schizophrenia are oversensitive to the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Question 26

classical antipsyvhotics

Answer 26

Drugs (such as Thorazine and Haldol) that block dopamine receptors. These drugs seem to treat many positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 27

downward drift

Answer 27

Their disease produces problems that, in turn, put them into a lower social class. Poverty is a risk factor for schizophrenia, making the disease more likely, but schizophrenia is itself a risk factor that makes poverty more likely.

Question 28

bulimia nervosa

Answer 28

An eating disorder characterized by repeated binge- and-purge bouts.

Question 29

dissociative amnesia

Answer 29

The inability of an individual to remember some period of her life, or even her entire past, including her identity; often understood as a way of coping with extremely painful events.

Question 30

dissociative fugue

Answer 30

A state in which someone leaves home, then, days or months later, suddenly realizes he is in a strange place and doesn’t know how he got there; often understood as a means of coping with (and escaping from) extremely painful events.