ch 16 RCP 100

Question 1

the four functions that are critical for life

Answer 1

1. ventilation- moving air in&out of lungs
   2.oxygenation-oxygen into the blood
   3.circulation-moving the blood through the body
   4.perfusion-oxygen into the tissue

Question 2

signs
vs
symptoms

Answer 2

sign:objective measure or observable: color, pulse, edema, blood pressure, fever

symptoms; subjective experiences felt by the patient: pain, nausea, muscle weakness

Question 3

vital signs: heart/pulse rate

Answer 3

N: 60-100
bradycardia: <60
tachycardia: >100

Question 4

vital signs:respiratory rate

Answer 4

N:12-20
bradypnea: <10
tachypnea: >20

Question 5

vital signs:systolic blood pressure/ diastolic pressure

Answer 5

N: 90/60-140/90
hypertension > 140/90
hypotension <90/60

Question 6

vital signs: temperature

Answer 6

37C

Question 7

patient chart review

Answer 7

1.* occupation
2. *allergies
3. *prior surgeries
4. *vital signs
5. * physical examination

Question 8

physical examination components

Answer 8

• inspection
  *palpation
• percussion
  *ausculation

Question 9

Pack years

Answer 9

1 pack= 20 cigs
fomula:
pk yr= # of pack/day X # years
ex. 45 cig for 10 year
45/20= 2.25 x 10yrs= 22.5 pack years

Question 10

levels of consciousness

Answer 10

*ALERT/RESPONSIVE: normal
*LETHARGIC/SOMNOLENT: sleepy
*CONFUSED/STUPORUS: responds inappropriately
*SEMI COMATOSE: respond to painful stimuli
*OBTUNDED: drowsy state& aspiration risk
*COMA: do not respond to painful stimuli

Question 11

social space
vs
personal space

Answer 11

Social: introduction , 4-12Ft

personal: 2-4 ft

Question 12

purpose of the interview

Answer 12

• establish a rapport b/w clinician & patient
  *obtain info essential for making diagnosis
  *help monitor changes in the patients symptoms & respond to therapy

Question 13

dyspnea
vs
breathlessness

Answer 13

Dyspnea: sensation of breathing discomfort by patient, most important symptom RT Is called to assess

Breathlessness: sensation of unpleasant urge to breath. triggered by acute hypercapnoia, acidosis, hypoxemia

Question 14

characteristics of dyspnea

Answer 14

slightly bluish, and anxious

Question 15

cough characteristics

Answer 15

• dry or loose
  *productive or nonproductive
• acute or chronic
• occurs more frequently at particular time

Question 16

chronic cough

Answer 16

8 weeks or longer

Question 17

Phlegm
vs
sputum

Answer 17

phlegm: muscus from the tracheobronchial tree not contaminated by the mouth

sputum: mucus from lower airway but expectorated through mouth

Question 18

sputum colors and what it tells about patient

Answer 18

*CLEAR- normal
*MUCOID(GREY)-chronic bronchitis
*YELLOW-presence of wbc, bacterial infection
*GREEN- stagnant sputum: gram negative bacteria
* BROWN/DARK- old blood, anaerobic lung infection
*BRIGHT/PINK-hemoptysis
*PINK FROTHY-pulmonary edema

Question 19

pleuritic
vs
nonpleuritic chest pain

Answer 19

pleuritic: located laterally or posteriorly,
-sharp increase w/ deep breathing

nonpleuritic: located in the center of chest& may radiate shoulder or arm, it is not affected by breathing
- angia, gerd, chest wall pain, espohageal spaspm

Question 20

hypothermia common causes

Answer 20

prolonged exposure to cold
less likely: head injury, stroke, decreased thyroid act infection

Question 21

where is the site to take temperature that is closest to core body temperature

Answer 21

rectum

Question 22

piting edema
vs
weeping edema

Answer 22

Piting: indentation mark left on skin after pressure applied

weeping: small fluid leak occurs at point where pressure applied

Question 23

most common cause of lower extremity swelling

Answer 23

heart failure

Question 24

tachycardia cause

Answer 24

> 100 beat
*exercise, fear, anxiety, low blood pressure, anemia, fever, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, medication

Question 25

bradycardia causes

Answer 25

<60 beats min * hypothermia, side effect of meds, certain cardiac arrhythmia, traumatic brain injury

Question 26

Pulsus paradoxus is most common in which patient

Answer 26

acute obstructive pulmonary disease asthma attacks

Question 27

tachypnea what can cause this?

Answer 27

>20 breaths/min *exertion, fever, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, metabolic acidosis, anxiety, pulmonary edema, lung fibrosis, pain

Question 28

bradypnea what can cause this

Answer 28

<10 breath/min *brain injury, severs myocardial infraction, hypothermia, anesthetics, opiate narcotics& drug over doses

Question 29

central cyanosis what causes it? where is it found

Answer 29

* bluish discolor, respiratory failure due to low oxygen levels * lips or mouth

Question 30

pursed-lip breathing what patient does this? why do they do it?

Answer 30

patient with COPD *create back pressure helps keep airways open longer during exhalation helps reduce feeling of shortness of breath

Question 31

jugular venous distention (JVD) where do you find it? what is going on with your patient

Answer 31

neck, respiratory distress, conjestive heart failure * fluid overload