Ch 16 Urbanization

Question 1

Urban

Answer 1

Is a term used when referring to a city

Question 2

Population density

Answer 2

Is a measure of the number of humans per square mile

Question 3

Rural

Answer 3

Is a term used when referring to the countryside

Question 4

Urbanization

Answer 4

Is a process by which individuals or groups migrate from rural areas to urban areas

Question 5

Megacities

Answer 5

Are cities with 10 million residents or more

Question 6

Metropolitan area

Answer 6

Is a metropolis, or city, that is inclusive of the surrounding area

Question 7

Megalopolis

Answer 7

Is an extensive metropolitan area

Question 8

Suburb

Answer 8

Is an area near a central city but beyond the political boundaries of that city

Question 9

Counter urbanization

Answer 9

Refers to the process by which city growth has slowed as more rural areas and suburban areas have grown

Question 10

Decentralization

Answer 10

Is the transfer of authority from a central government to a local government

Question 11

Metropolitan federation

Answer 11

Is a collaborative form of government across a metropolitan area

Question 12

Urban sprawl

Answer 12

Is the spreading of a city and its neighboring suburban areas over rural land along the borders of the metro area

Question 13

Index of dissimilarity

Answer 13

Indicates the percentage of people that would need to be relocated in order to have a perfectly even distribution of race and ethnicity in a city

Question 14

P* index for interaction

Answer 14

Calculates the amount of contact an average person of one group has with an average person of another group on any given day

Question 15

Ethnic grouping

Answer 15

Is the tendency for members of particular ethnic groups to want to live in close proximity to one another

Question 16

White flight

Answer 16

Is the departure of Caucasian individuals from neighborhoods increasingly or predominantly populated by minorities

Question 17

Disinvestment

Answer 17

Is a deliberate pattern whereby banking and lending institutions make decisions about where they will and will not support investments

Question 18

Redlining

Answer 18

Is a practice in which home lenders draw red lines on a map, indicating to which sides of a city they will and will not lend money

Question 19

Gridlock

Answer 19

Is a series of traffic jams

Question 20

Gemeinschaft

Answer 20

Refers to community connections involving personal relationships based on friendship and kinship ties

Question 21

Gesellschaft

Answer 21

Refers to social connections that are more formal and impersonal

Question 22

Mechanical solidarity

Answer 22

Is the state of community bonding in traditional societies in which people share beliefs and values and perform common activities

Question 23

Organic solidarity

Answer 23

Is a state that occurs when people live in a society with a diverse division of labor

Question 24

Urban renewal

Answer 24

Is the process of purchasing, clearing, and replacing run-down properties with newer, more appealing developments

Question 25

Gentrification

Answer 25

Is a trend that involves renovating and redeveloping a run-down neighborhood so that it meets middle-class standards, and subsequently displacing the original low-income residents

Question 26

Tax increment financing (TIF)

Answer 26

Is a program that enables cities to use tax revenues generated by a development project to help finance the construction of the new project through bonds given to developers and/or direct tax incentives

Question 27

Eminent domain

Answer 27

Is a policy that allows the government to take property from individuals, often against the owners will, for public use