Ch. 17&18 Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
- The endocrine system
A. releases neurotransmitters into ducts.
B. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
C. communicates via frequency-modulated signals.
D. contains organs called exocrine glands.
E. is isolated from the nervous system.
A
B. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
2
Q
- What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?
A. paracrine
B. neurotransmitter
C. autocrine
D. endocrine
A
A. paracrine
3
Q
- What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?
A. paracrine
B. neurotransmitter
C. autocrine
D. endocrine
A
A. paracrine
4
Q
- What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?
A. paracrine
B. neurotransmitter
C. autocrine
D. endocrine
A
B. neurotransmitter
5
Q
- What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?
A. the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
B. its location near the gland that secretes that hormone
C. the ability of the target cell to perform a specific function
D. its ability to inactivate the hormone
E. the size of the target cell
A
A. the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
6
Q
- What do all hormones have in common?
A. They are made from amino acids.
B. They are bound to transport molecules in the blood.
C. They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell.
D. They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell.
E. They are all lipid-soluble.
A
C. They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell.
7
Q
- Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems.
B. Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule.
C. Some neurons secrete hormones.
D. Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time.
A
D. Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time
8
Q
- In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.
A. faster and briefer
B. slower and more prolonged
C. more accurate
D. more restricted to a small area of the body
E. more intense
A
B. slower and more prolonged
9
Q
- Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that
A. are secreted into the external environment where they act.
B. affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues.
C. help coordinate growth, development and reproduction.
D. operate primarily by positive feedback.
A
C. help coordinate growth, development and reproduction
10
Q
- Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.
A. frequency-modulated
B. amplitude-modulated
C. pitch-modulated
D. resonance-modulated
A
B. amplitude-modulated
11
Q
- An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a
A. neuropathogen.
B. neurotransmitter.
C. neurocrine.
D. neurohormone.
E. neurosynthesizer.
A
D. neurohormone
12
Q
- Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins
A. 1, 3, 4
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
E. 1, 2, 4
A
C. 2, 3, 4
13
Q
- Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?
A. lipid-soluble
B. protein
C. water-soluble
D. amino acid derivative
A
A. lipid-soluble
14
Q
- Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?
A. water-soluble
B. amino acid derivative
C. protein
D. lipid-soluble
A
D. lipid-soluble
15
Q
- Members of which group of hormones are made from cholesterol?
A. amino acid derivatives
B. peptides
C. proteins
D. steroids
A
D. steroids
16
Q
- Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called
A. saponification.
B. amplitude-modulation.
C. conjugation.
D. protein-binding.
A
C. conjugation.
17
Q
- Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?
A. Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues.
B. Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins.
C. Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration.
D. Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins.
E. All of the statements are true.
A
C. Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration.
18
Q
- The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine
A. the rate of hormone secretion.
B. the identity of a hormone.
C. the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
D. the rate of action of a hormone.
E. the rate of travel through the blood to a target
A
C. the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
19
Q
- Hormones with short half-lives
A. are usually lipid-soluble.
B. are maintained at relatively constant levels.
C. have concentrations that increase slowly.
D. regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration.
E. regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.
A
E. regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.
20
Q
- Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver
A. its half-life is increased.
B. it can be more quickly eliminated from the body.
C. it can be stored for later use.
D. it is actively transported into cells.
E. it is more slowly eliminated from the body.
A
B. it can be more quickly eliminated from the body.
21
Q
- How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?
A. by signs
B. by the location of the target cells
C. by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells
D. by the function of the target cells
E. by the location of the hormones
A
C. by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells
22
Q
- How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?
A. attached to proteins
B. attached to carbohydrates
C. attached to amino acids
D. as free hormones
A
D. as free hormones
23
Q
- Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?
A. acute hormone secretion
B. episodic hormone secretion
C. chronic hormone secretion
D. long-term hormone secretion
A
C. chronic hormone secretion
24
Q
- Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?
A. acute hormone secretion
B. episodic hormone secretion
C. long-term hormone secretion
D. chronic hormone secretion
A
B. episodic hormone secretion
25
25. Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?
A. chronic hormone secretion
B. long-term hormone secretion
C. episodic hormone secretion
D. acute hormone secretion
D. acute hormone secretion
26
26. In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?
A. chronic hormone secretion
B. chronic and acute hormone secretion
C. acute and episodic hormone secretion
D. episodic hormone secretion
E. chronic and episodic hormone secretion
E. chronic and episodic hormone secretion
27
27. Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?
A. can dissolve in the blood as free hormones
B. large hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream
C. most readily diffuse through capillary walls
D. rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream
E. some may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life
C. most readily diffuse through capillary walls
28
28. Hormonal secretion can be regulated by
A. the action of a substance other than a hormone.
B. the nervous system.
C. other hormones.
D. All of these choices are correct.
E. None of these choices is correct.
D. All of these choices are correct
29
29. Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.
A. hormonal
B. neural
C. humoral
D. visceral
A. hormonal
30
30. Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.
A. hormonal
B. neural
C. humoral
D. visceral
C. humoral
31
31. Most hormones are regulated by
A. negative-feedback mechanisms.
B. neural-feedback mechanisms.
C. positive-feedback mechanisms.
D. hormonal-feedback mechanisms.
A. negative-feedback mechanisms.
32
32. In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of
A. up-regulation.
B. over-regulation.
C. down-regulation.
D. a lack of regulation.
E. modulation.
C. down-regulation.
33
33. Up-regulation
A. results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell.
B. produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
C. is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors.
D. produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue.
E. moves the receptors up on the membrane.
B. produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
34
34. Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.
A. increased in number
B. decreased in number
C. chemically altered
D. moved
E. increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered
E. increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered
35
35. Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located
A. in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B. on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C. in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D. on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E. on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.
B. on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
36
36. Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located
A. in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B. on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C. in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D. on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E. in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.
E. in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.
37
37. Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?
A. ATP
B. calcium
C. M protein
D. G protein
E. DNA
D. G protein
38
38. A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence.
(1) alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2) GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3) G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4) alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5) G-protein subunits bind to the receptor
A. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
B. 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
C. 5, 2, 1, 4, 3
D. 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
E. 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
A. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
39
39. The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to
A. bind to and activate protein kinase.
B. activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA.
C. directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell.
D. catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA.
E. control levels of calcium in the cell.
A. bind to and activate protein kinase.
40
40. When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,
A. membrane channels are destroyed.
B. cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator.
C. the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation.
D. messenger RNA is formed.
E. cellular DNA is altered.
B. cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator.
41
41. When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,
A. ion channels could be opened.
B. IP3 may be activated/
C. cyclic AMP production may be increased.
D. DAG may be activated.
E. All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.
E. All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.
42
42. Phosphodiesterase functions
A. as a membrane-bound receptor molecule.
B. to inactivate cyclic AMP.
C. to attach phosphate groups to enzymes.
D. to combine GTP with cyclic AMP.
E. activates cGMP.
B. to inactivate cyclic AMP.
43
43. Arrange the following events in proper sequence:
(1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone.
(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP.
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 4, 3, 2
C. 3, 4, 2, 1
D. 1, 3, 2, 4
E. 1, 3, 4, 2
B. 1, 4, 3, 2
44
44. Which of the following events occurs last?
A. IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced.
B. Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell.
C. Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form.
D. IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
E. Ca2+ binds with calmodulin
C. Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form.
45
45. When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated
A. a cascade effect.
B. a double loop effect.
C. a protein kinase effect.
D. a cyclic effect.
E. a negative feedback cycle.
A. a cascade effect.
46
46. Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?
A. activation of cyclic AMP
B. activation of mRNA synthesis
C. increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes
D. opens membrane channels
E. alters membrane permeability
B. activation of mRNA synthesis
47
47. Steroid hormones
A. bind to membrane receptors.
B. diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
C. act by activating cAMP.
D. are inactivated by phosphodiesterase.
E. are water soluble
B. diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
48
48. Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model:
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA.
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins.
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm)
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?
A. 1, 3, 5
B. 1, 3, 4
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 3, 4, 5
E. All events occur in the nucleus.
B. 1, 3, 4
49
49. Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?
A. cGMP
B. cAMP
C. calmodulin
D. phospholipase C
A. cGMP
50
50. What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?
A. activation of cGMP
B. activation of adenylate cyclase
C. direct alteration of intracellular enzymes
D. phosphorylation of intracellular proteins
D. phosphorylation of intracellular proteins
51
All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except
they cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble.
52
Considering the following events in the nuclear receptor model, identify which of these events occurs in the nucleus.
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm).
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
53
Arrange the following events in proper sequence:
(1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone
.(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
(1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone
54
Sympathetic neurons can serve as _________stimuli for hormone release from certain endocrine organs.
neural
55
All of the following are water-soluble hormones except _________.
thyroid hormone
56
An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a _________.
Neuropeptide
57
Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?
acute hormone secretion
58
Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) Nucleic acid derivatives 2) Polypeptides 3) Steroids 4) Proteins
2- polypeptides
3 -steroids
4 -proteins
59
Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?
Lipid-soluble
60
Water-Soluble hormone examples
-growth hormone
-insulin
-thyrotropin-releasing hormone
-thyroid hormone
61
Reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood
- they cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble.
-they are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules.
-they have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature.
62
Blood chemistry changes are examples of _________ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _________ stimuli for hormone release.
humoral; neural
63
Changes in blood calcium levels affect the secretion of both PTH and calcitonin. PTH increases blood calcium levels but calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels. Calcium is therefore an humoral inhibitor of _________.
calcitonin
64
Up-regulation
produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
65
A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a/an _________.
intracellular mediator
66
Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?
Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength.
67
The hypothalamohypophysial tract carries
neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
68
A _________hormone stimulates the secretion of other hormones from the target tissues.
tropic
69
Releasing hormones
increase anterior pituitary secretion.
70
Which of the following is NOT a function of LH?
Stimulates contraction of the uterus
71
The connecting stalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is the _________.
infundibulum
72
If fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame,
ADH secretion decreases.
73
The two functional portions of the pituitary gland are the _________.
neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis
74
Which of the following will inhibit the secretion of growth hormone?
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
75
Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones causes increased metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, and exophthalmos?
Thyroid hormone
76
In the blood,
most T3 and T4 molecules are found bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG).
77
Which of the following is a target tissue for PTH (parathyroid hormone)?
Kidney
78
An injection of epinephrine would
increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and decrease gastric tract motility.
79
The endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys are the _________glands
adrenal
80
High blood glucose levels cause an increased secretion of _________.
insulin
81
Which of the following would NOT affect blood glucose levels?
Fat content of a meal
82
Which of the following helps to keep blood nutrients at normal levels six to eight hours after a meal?
Breakdown of glycogen in the liver releasing glucose
83
Which gland does NOT produce reproductive hormones?
Thyroid
84
The target tissue for melatonin is the _________.
hypothalamus
85
Which of the following are NOT an endogenously produced analgesics?
Interleukin-2
86
Which of the following hormones promotes the breakdown of fatty acids?
Lipotropins
86
Identify the function for which the endocrine system is NOT responsible.
Regulates equilibrium and balance from the inner ear
87
The posterior pituitary
has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus.
88
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the release of _________.
follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
89
Chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone as a child would result in _________.
gigantism
90
Osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus are involved in the secretion of _________.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
91
What role does oxytocin play in lactation?
Ejection of milk
92
Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect the functioning of the _________
thyroid gland
93
Which of the following statements best describes the actions of thyroid hormones?
These hormones interact with intracellular receptors altering protein synthesis.
94
Cells responsible for the secretion of calcitonin are located
between the follicles and among the cells that make up the follicle of the thyroid gland.
95
All of the following tissues are targeted by PTH, except _______.
muscle
96
Which of the following will decrease glucocorticoid secretion by the adrenal cortex?
Increased plasma levels of cortisol
97
Which of the following statements about epinephrine is true?
Epinephrine increases blood pressure.
98
Insulin shock occurs when there is
a rapid fall in the blood sugar level.
99
Which of the following occurs when insulin molecules bind to their receptors on target cells?
Both "Phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells" and "Increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose" are correct.
100
Increased insulin secretion immediately following a meal will result in increased
glycogen synthesis.
101
Which of the following are released by damaged tissues and function as intercellular autocrine or paracrine signals?
Prostaglandins
102
All of the following are regulatory functions of the endocrine system except _________
thermoregulation
103
Regulatory functions of the Endocrine system Examples:
- labor contractions
-development of tissues
-immune functions
-metabolic rate
104
An increase in ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion will cause
the kidney tubules to retain more water.
105
Anterior pituitary hormones
are all proteins or glycoproteins.
106
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to
increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids.
107
Hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by
neurohormones of the hypothalamus.
108
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is also called vasopressin because at high concentrations it causes
constriction of blood vessels.
109
Oxytocin release is stimulated by _________.
nursing a baby
110
The hypothalamus
regulates the secretory activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
111
Which of the following events occurs last?
Enzymes break down thyroglobulin to release T3 and T4.
112
Which of the following would apply to the description of a thyroid follicle?
Spheres with walls of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
113
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
allows the kidneys to retain Ca2+.
114
The glucocorticoids
stimulate gluconeogenesis.
115
Which pancreatic cells is correctly matched to its secretion?
Alpha cells - glucagon
116
The major target tissues of insulin include all of the following, except _________.
brain
117
Which of the following statements best describes relaxin?
Relaxin is produced by the ovaries and increases the flexibility of connective tissue.
118
Secretions of the pineal gland
may inhibit reproductive functions.
119
Compounds released from cells that influence the same cell are called _________.
autocrine chemical messengers
120
The connecting stalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is the _________blank.
infundibulum
121
All of the following are characteristics of the pituitary gland except
located superior to the hypothalamus.
122
Characteristics of the Pituitary Gland
-rests in the sphenoid bone.
-secretes several major hormones.
-influences the secretion of other endocrine glands.
-is regulated by the hypothalamus.
123
Oxytocin is responsible for
causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.
124
The posterior pituitary secretes _________.
neurohormones such as, ADH and oxytocin
125
Which gland is located in the sella turcica?
Pituitary (hypophysis)
126
John Smith works outdoors in the winter at a ski resort. His thyroid hormone levels are
higher in the winter to increase body temperature.
127
Adrenal androgens
stimulate growth of pubic hair in females.
128
The major secretory products of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex are _________.
mineralocorticoids
129
A function of insulin is to
increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues.
130
In gluconeogenesis,
glucose is formed from amino acids.
131
The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland is regulated by
the photoperiod (the daily amount of daylight)
132
Arrange the following in the sequence in which releasing hormones travel through them.
(1) Secondary capillary network
(2) Primary capillary network
(3) Hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels
(2) Primary capillary network
(3) Hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels
(1) Secondary capillary network
133
If GH (growth hormone) secretion is deficient in a newborn, the child will
probably experience reduced bone growth.
134
Hormones are released from the posterior pituitary when posterior pituitary cells are stimulated by
action potentials from hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons.
135
A function of the hypothalamohypophysial tract is to
carry action potentials to the posterior pituitary, causing the release of oxytocin.
136
Glucagon primarily influences cells of the ________.
liver
137
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion will increase when
Both "blood osmolality increases" and "blood pressure decreases" are correct.
138
Which of the following is NOT an action of parathyroid hormone?
Decreases the release of phosphate from bone
139
High blood glucose levels cause an increased secretion of ________.
insulin
140
During exercise, the energy necessary to sustain skeletal muscle cell contraction comes from
increased epinephrine and glucagon release.
141
Which of the following is NOT an example of an autocrine chemical messenger?
Endorphins
142
Which of the following is NOT a description of acromegaly?
Chronic hypoglycemia
143
Acromegaly descriptions:
Enlargement of feet, hands and face
No height increase
Broad nose and enlarged tongue
144
Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by _________.
LH (luteinizing hormone)
145
Which of the following is involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone levels?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
146
The major thyroid hormone that interacts with target cells is _________.
T3
147
The primary stimulus for release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from _________.
the sympathetic nervous system
148
When blood sugar levels decrease,When blood sugar levels decrease,
insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases.
149
What is/are the function(s) of inhibin?
Inhibits secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland
150
Growth hormone
increases amino acid uptake in cells.
151
All of the following are examples of tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary except
All of the following are examples of tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary except
152
T3 and T4 are stored in the lumen of thyroid follicles as part of the _________ molecule.
thyroglobulin
153
Overall, PTH (parathyroid hormone) _________ blood phosphate levels.
decreases
154
Which of these hormones is NOT secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Norepinephrine
155
A tumor in the adrenal cortex causes excessively high levels of aldosterone. The high aldosterone levels cause _________.
hypokalemia
156
Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low
the person is intensely hungry.
157
What is the function of thymosin?
Development and maturation of the immune system
158
All of the following are regulatory functions of the endocrine system except _________.
thermoregulation
159
Which hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum?
LH (luteinizing hormone)
160
Releasing hormones
increase anterior pituitary secretion.
161
The embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary gland is
nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus.
162
The hypothalamohypophysial portal system carries hormones from the _________.
hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
163
Increased metabolic activity and weight loss are associated with
hyperthyroidism
164
If insulin secretion is too low or its receptors are insensitive, all of the following effects are seen, except
increased uptake of glucose to cells.
165
Hypersecretion of inhibin would result in
decreased FSH secretion and disruption of normal reproductive cycles.
166
Which of the following statements describes the effect of hormones secreted by the thymus gland?
These hormones stimulate the development of the immune system.
